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灌水量对北缘地区枇杷生理代谢的影响
樊美丽1, 张任凡1, 鲁周民1
西北农林科技大学 林学院
摘要:
【目的】研究不同灌水量处理对枇杷生理代谢的影响,为枇杷栽培中的科学水分管理提供参考。【方法】选取14年生“长崎早生”枇杷,从2013年8月底现蕾期开始,对每株枇杷分别灌水0,10,20,30,40 kg,每月灌水1次,11月底测定树干50 cm周围地下15~20 cm土层的土壤含水量;同时从树冠外围采集叶片,进行叶片含水量、MDA、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量及抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT、GSH-Px)活性等生理生化指标的测定。【结果】 随着灌水量的增加,枇杷树周围土壤含水量和叶片含水量、可溶性蛋白含量呈上升趋势,可溶性糖含量及SOD、POD活性呈下降趋势, MDA含量及脯氨酸含量呈先降后升趋势,CAT、GSH-Px活性呈先升后降趋势。不灌水和灌水量为10 kg/株时,由于处于干旱胁迫状态,枇杷叶片MDA、脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量较高,分别为16.67±0.29和16.08±0.44 μmol/g,35.60±0.86和32.37±0.82 μg/g,275.18±3.50和269.44±3.86 mg/g;灌水量为20 kg/株即土壤含水量为18.49%时,枇杷受到轻微的干旱胁迫,其MDA、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量分别为12.26±0.55 μmol/g,265.04±4.97 mg/g,27.09±0.61 μg/g,CAT、GSH Px活性均高于其他处理;灌水量为30 kg/株即土壤含水量为20.89%左右时,MDA、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量较低,分别为10.30±0.55 μmol/g,249.92±4.27 mg/g,22.27±0.57 μg/g;当灌水量达40 kg/株时,枇杷的整体表现较灌水量30 kg/株处理差。【结论】枇杷具有一定的抗逆能力;灌水量30 kg/株即土壤水分20.89%左右为其生长的最佳水分含量。
关键词:  枇杷  灌水量  抗氧化酶  抗逆性
DOI:
分类号:
基金项目:国家林业局重点科技成果推广项目(2012-68);财政部“以大学为依托的农业科技推广模式建设”项目(XTG2014015)
Influence of irrigation amount on physiological metabolism of loquat in Northern Margin Area
FAN Mei-li,ZHANG Ren-fan,LU Zhou-min
Abstract:
【Objective】This study investigated the influence of different irrigation treatments on physiological metabolism of loquat to provide reference for scientific water management of loquat cultivation.【Method】Selecting 14 years old “Nagasaki early” loquat trees,different irrigation amounts 0,10,20,30 and 40 kg,were given to each tree every month starting from the bud period (end of August 2013).Soil water content 50 cm surrounding the trunk at 15-20 cm underground were measured and water content,MDA,soluble sugar content,soluble protein content,proline content and enzyme activity(SOD,POD,CAT,GSH-Px) physiological and biochemical indexes of leaves from outside canopy were determined at the end of November,2013.【Result】With the increase of irrigation amount,soil content around the loquat trunk,leaf water content and soluble protein content was on the rise,soluble sugar content and SOD,POD activity was on the decline.The MDA content and proline content first fall then rise,the CAT and GSH Px activity showed a trend of first rise then fall.Without irrigation and 10 kg/plant irrigation,because in a state of drought stress,malondialdehyde,proline and soluble sugar content in loquat leaves were higher:16.67±0.29,16.08±0.44 μmol/g,35.60±0.86,32.37±0.82 μg/g and 275.18±3.50,269.44±3.86 mg/g;When the irrigation amount was 20 kg/plant and the soil moisture was 18.49%,it began to suffer mild drought stress and contents of malondialdehyde,soluble sugar and proline were 12.26±0.55 μmol/g,265.04±4.97 mg/g,27.09±0.61 μg/g;CAT,GSH Px activity were higher than 30 and 40 kg/plant water treatment group.With 30 kg/plant irrigation amount and soil moisture was about 20.89%,the contents of malondialdehyde,soluble sugar and proline were the lowest:10.30±0.55 μmol/g,249.92±4.27 mg/g,22.27±0.57 μg/g.When the irrigation amount up to 40 kg/plant,the overall performance of loquat is poor than 30 kg/plant treatment.【Conclusion】Loquat had certain resilience ability.30 kg/plant irrigation amount was the best water content and the resulted soil moisture was about 20.89%.
Key words:  Eriobotrya japonica L.  irrigation amount  antioxidant enzymes  resistance