| 摘要: |
| 【目的】筛选黄冠梨密植省力化栽培模式下的适宜树形。【方法】以采取倒伞形、“Y”字形、纺锤形、圆柱形整形的黄冠梨幼树为试材，研究4种树形对梨树主要树相指标、树冠光能分布、叶片光合速率和光合色素含量以及果实产量、品质的影响。【结果】在（1 m×4 m）～（2 m×4 m）的栽植密度下，纺锤形具有成形快的优点，3年生幼树平均株高2.64 m，总枝量54.0条/株，短枝量27.7条/株，短枝量、短枝比例（49.0%）显著高于其他树形。纺锤形总花芽量141.6个/株，顶花芽量50.8个/株，高于其他树形。在相似的疏果（疏花）条件下，纺锤形选留果范围大，平均留果量64.47个/株，果实在树冠内呈立体分布。纺锤形叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素及叶绿素a+b的含量均高于“Y”字形树，而低于圆柱形与倒伞形。纺锤形树冠平均透光率57.58%，有效光辐射702.21 μmol/(m2·s)，净光合速率17.90 μmol/(m2·s)，光能利用率高，果实产量达24.56 t/hm2；果实可溶性糖含量62.31 mg/g，显著高于其他树形树。【结论】纺锤形是黄冠梨密植省力化栽培的适宜树形。 |
| 关键词: 梨 密植 树形 光能利用 果实品质 |
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| 基金项目:河北省农林科学院基本科研业务费项目；河北省科技支撑计划项目（11220602D）；国家梨产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-29-23） |
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| Effect of trimming pattern on growth and light utilization of ‘Huang guan’ (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) seedlings |
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XU Jin-tao,ZHAO Hui-ying,LI Yong-hong,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study aimed to select suitable tree structure for labor-saving and intense planting of Pyrus bretschneideri cv.‘Huang-guan’.【Method】Young trees with four structures (inverted umbrella shape,Y-shape,spindle shape and pillar shape) were used to study effects of trimming pattern on morphological characteristics,light distribution in canopy,photosynthetic rate,photosynthetic pigment content in leaf,as well as fruit yield and quality.【Result】Spindle shape had the advantage of fast formation when planting density was （1 m×4 m）－（2 m×4 m）.The average tree height (2.64 m),total shoot number (54.0),spur number (27.7),ratio of spur to total shoot (49.0%),numbers of total flower bud (141.6) and terminal flower bud per tree (50.8) of 3 years old trees with spindle shape were all higher than other types.With the similar flower and fruit management,spindle shape provided more choice when considering fruit thinning and it could reach 64.47 fruits per tree,and fruits were well distributed spatially.The contents of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,carotenoid and chlorophyll（a+b） of trees with spindle shape were higher than those of trees with Y-shape but lower than those of trees with pillar shape and inverted umbrella shape.The average light transmittance,photosynthetic active radiation,net photosynthetic rate,total yield,and total soluble sugar content of fruit of trees with spindle shape were 57.58%,702.21 μmol/(m2·s),17.90 μmol/(m2·s),24.56 t/hm2,and 62.31 mg/g,respectively,all higher than those of other treatments.【Conclusion】Spindle shape was the optimal tree structure for intense planting of Huang guan pear. |
| Key words: pear high-density planting tree shape utilization of light energy fruit quality |
