| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析比较秦川肉牛、荷斯坦牛及其杂交后代生长发育及产肉性能等经济性状。【方法】选择健康的6月龄秦川肉牛新品系公牛、阉牛、母牛(分别简称为秦川公牛、秦川阉牛、秦川母牛)、荷斯坦公牛、阉牛(分别简称为奶牛公牛、奶牛阉牛)和荷斯坦牛与秦川肉牛新品系杂交后代公牛、阉牛、母牛(分别简称为奶秦杂公牛、奶秦杂阉牛、奶秦杂母牛)各5头，共8组，进行18个月的标准化育肥，测定7～24月龄的体质量，每隔90 d测定1次，计算平均日增质量；至24月龄屠宰实验牛并进行胴体分割，测定屠宰率、净肉率、胴体产肉率、肉骨比及各部位肉质量。【结果】各组试验牛在13～18月龄生长发育速度最快，荷斯坦牛生长发育速度较秦川肉牛和奶秦杂牛快。秦川肉牛的产肉性能明显优于荷斯坦牛，但与奶秦杂牛差异不显著。【结论】杂交改良牛既遗传了秦川肉牛优良肉质性能，也遗传了荷斯坦牛生长速度快的优点；秦川肉牛新品系已具备肉牛品种的基本特征；荷斯坦牛公犊经过育肥，也表现出良好的肉用性能。 |
| 关键词: 秦川肉牛 荷斯坦牛 杂交改良牛 |
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| 基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-38)；国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目（2011BAD28B04-03）；陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2014KTZB02-02-01)；新疆建设兵团重大科技计划项目（2014AA001-1） |
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| Growth and meat production performance of Qinchuan beef cattle,Holstein cattle and their hybrids |
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ZAN Lin-sen,ZHU Guang-xing,TIAN Wan-qiang,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The purpose of this study was to compare the growth and meat production performance of Qinchuan beef cattle,Holstein cattle and their hybrids.【Method】Healthy Qinchuan beef cattle (5 bulls,5 castrated bulls and 5 cows),Holstein cattle (5 bulls,5 castrated bulls),and Qinchuan beef cattle×Holstein hybrids (5 bulls,5 castrated bulls and 5 cows) with age of 6 months were selected for a standard fattening of 18 months.Their weights were measured every 90 days and daily increase of weight was calculated.All cattle were slaughtered at the age of 24 months,their carcasses were cut,and the dressing percentage,net meat percentage,neat percentage of carcass and beef/bone ratio and meat quality in every part were calculated.【Result】All the cattle grew fastest during the age of 13-18 months.Holstein cattle grew faster than Qinchuan beef cattle and Qinchuan×Holstein hybrids.Beef performance of Qinchuan beef cattle was better than those of Holstein cattle (P＜0.05) and Qinchuan×Holstein hybrids (P＞0.05).【Conclusion】Qinchuan×Holstein hybrids inherited the characteristics of high-quality beef performance from Qinchuan beef cattle and fast growth performance from Holstein.New lines of Qinchuan beef cattle already had the characterizations of beef cattle breeds,and Holstein cattle showed good meat quality after fattening. |
| Key words: Qinchuan beef cattle Holstein Qinchuan×Holstein hybrid |
