| 摘要: |
| 【目的】对麦秸（麦秸秆、麦叶、穗轴）的构造及化学成分进行比较分析，为麦秸的综合利用提供参考。【方法】以麦秸秆、麦叶、穗轴为研究对象，观察其宏观构造，用扫描电镜观察其微观构造，参照GB/T 2677.8－94、GB/T 2677.10－95和GB/T 742－2008规定的造纸原料成分测定系列方法分析其化学成分。【结果】麦秸秆、麦叶及穗轴的宏观和微观构造具有一定的差异性。麦秸秆的外表面光滑，有蜡状物质，组织致密，而内表面组织疏松，无角质层；麦叶角质层较薄，但表面蜡质晶体含量最多；穗轴表面组织致密，角质层较厚，表面蜡质晶体和硅质细胞较多。主要化学成分含量（质量分数）分析表明，麦秸秆、麦叶、穗轴中酸不溶木质素含量分别为16.36%，12.24%，16.29%；综纤维素含量分别为76.98%，65.08%，76.25%；纤维素含量分别为41.11%，35.16%，37.35%；灰分含量分别为5.21%，9.96%，4.48%。【结论】在定向结构麦秸人造板的生产中，提高麦秸秆的劈裂率，减少麦叶和穗轴的含量，可以提高板材的性能。 |
| 关键词: 麦秸秆 麦叶 穗轴 微观构造 化学成分 |
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| 基金项目:西北农林科技大学基本科研业务费科技创新专项重点项目（QN2011071） |
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| Microstructure and chemical composition of wheat straw |
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CHEN Yun,ZHANG Xi-yan,LEI Ya-fang,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study aimed to compare and analyze the structures and chemical compositions of wheat straw,and to improve the utilization of wheat straw.【Method】The macrostructures and microstructures of different parts of wheat straw were observed respectively by eyes and scanning electron microscopy,and the main chemical compositions were assayed by methods regulated in GB/T 2677.8－94,GB/T 2677.10－95 and GB/T 742－2008.【Result】Macrostructures and microstructures of wheat stalk,wheat leaf and rachis were different.Outer surface of wheat stalk was smooth with dense tissue,and there was no cuticle on the inner surface.The cuticle of wheat leaf was thinner,but the wax crystals content of surface was the most abundant.The tissue of rachis surface as dense and the cuticle was the thickest.Rachis surface had many waxy crystals and siliceous cells.On the dry weight basis,wheat stalk was composed of lignin 16.36%,holocellulose 76.98%,celluloses 41.11% and ash 5.21%.Wheat leaf consisted of lignin 12.24%,holocellulose 65.08%,celluloses 35.16% and ash 9.96%.Rachis contained lignin 16.29%,holocellulose 76.25%,celluloses 37.35% and ash 4.48%.【Conclusion】In the production process,increasing the splitting rate and reducing the contents of wheat leaf and rachis could improve the performance of board made with what straw. |
| Key words: wheat stalk wheat leaf rachis microstructure chemical composition |
