| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究渭北旱塬免耕和传统耕作条件下不同覆盖方式对春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响，为渭北旱塬春玉米的高产栽培提供参考。【方法】在渭北旱塬以春玉米“沈单10号”为供试材料，以传统耕作不覆盖为对照，研究了传统耕作+秸秆覆盖、传统耕作+地膜覆盖、传统耕作+秸秆地膜双覆盖、免耕不覆盖、免耕+秸秆覆盖、免耕+地膜覆盖、免耕+秸秆地膜双覆盖时春玉米产量和水分利用效率的变化。【结果】免耕秸秆地膜双覆盖对春玉米的农艺性状有明显改善作用，与传统耕作不覆盖相比，其株高增长19.82%，穗位高增长47.55%；免耕和覆盖均可提高春玉米的产量，其中免耕秸秆地膜双覆盖的产量最高，达9 219 kg/hm2，比传统耕作不覆盖增产28.89%；秸秆地膜双覆盖可以显著提高春玉米的水分利用效率，与传统耕作不覆盖相比，免耕秸秆地膜双覆盖的水分利用效率提高了40.28%，传统耕作秸秆地膜双覆盖的水分利用效率提高了46.81%。【结论】免耕秸秆地膜双覆盖可以明显提高春玉米的产量和水分利用效率，且对春玉米的农艺性状有一定改善作用。 |
| 关键词: 渭北旱塬 保护性耕作 春玉米 产量 水分利用效率 |
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| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划重大项目“农田水土保持关键技术研究与示范农田水土保持工程与耕作关键技术研究”(2011BAD31B01)；宁夏农业综合开发科技推广项目(NTKJ-2013-03-1) |
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| Effects of conservation tillage on water use efficiency and yield of spring maize on Weibei highland |
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LI Long,HAO Ming-de,WANG Chan-jun,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of conventional tillage and no-tillage farming with different mulching methods on spring maize yield and water use efficiency (WUE).【Method】To determine the effects of different covered materials under conventional tillage on yield and WUE in Weibei highland,“Shendan 10” was used as tested material and conventional tillage with no mulching was set as CK.This research included eight treatments,CK,TS (Conventional Tillage with Straw),TP (Conventional Tillage with Plastic Film),TSP (Conventional Tillage with Straw and Plastic Film),NT (No-tillage with no mulching),NTS (No-tillage with Straw and Plastic Film),NTP (No-tillage with Straw and Plastic Film) and NTSP (No-tillage with Straw and Plastic Film).【Result Agronomic characters of spring maize improved significantly when the ground was covered with straw and plastic film under no tillage farming.Compared with conventional tillage,plant height was increased by 19.82% and ear height was increased by 47.55%.Both no-tillage farming and mulching increased yield of spring maize and the yield of NTSP was 9 219 kg/hm2,increased by 28.89%.Straw and plastic film mulching increased WUE significantly,and NTSP and TSP increased WUE by 40.28% and 46.81%,respectively.【Conclusion】NTSP increased spring maize yield and WUE significantly,and it also had effects on improvement of agronomic characters of spring maize. |
| Key words: Weibei highland conservation tillage spring maize yield water use efficiency |
