| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究陕西4种天然类型栓皮栎木材的构造、纤维形态、物理力学性能，为栓皮栎的进一步分类和优良类型的利用提供理论依据。【方法】2012-07，从陕西商州区二龙山林场树龄为33~50年的栓皮栎天然林中采伐栓皮厚度和裂纹深度不同的4种类型的栓皮栎，采用常规方法制作木材切片，用于观察木材构造特征；利用硝酸 氯酸钾法离析木材，对纤维形态和组织比量进行测量；按照GB1929-1943-09《木材物理力学实验方法》对木材主要物理力学强度进行测定。【结果】4种类型栓皮栎的木材构造没有明显区别；厚皮浅裂和薄皮浅裂型木纤维含量高于厚皮深裂和薄皮深裂型，薄皮深裂型木材的木纤维长度大于其他3种类型，厚皮浅裂和薄皮浅裂型木材的木纤维长宽比大于厚皮深裂和薄皮深裂型，厚皮浅裂和薄皮浅裂型木材的木纤维壁腔比小于厚皮深裂和薄皮深裂型；薄皮浅裂型木材的密度和强度较大，其他3种类型较小；厚皮浅裂型木材的干缩性能较小，其他3种类型较大。【结论】 厚皮浅裂和薄皮浅裂型栓皮栎是栓皮栎的优良类型。 |
| 关键词: 栓皮栎 木材构造特征 纤维形态 组织比量 木材物理力学性能 |
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| 基金项目:国家林业局林业公益性行业科研专项(201004011）；国家自然科学基金项目(30872018) |
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| Structures and properties of different natural Quercus variabilis woods in Shaanxi |
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FENG De-jun,ZHANG Wen-hui,ZHAO Jing-feng,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The structure,fiber morphology,and physical and mechanical properties of 4 different Quercus variabilis woods were studied to provide theoretical basis for further classification and utilization of natural resources.【Method】In July 2010,4 types of Q.variabilis woods with different cork thicknesses and crack depths,and with ages from 33 to 50 years were harvested in oak natural forests in Erlongshan,Shangzhou,Shaanxi.Conventional method was used to prepare wood slices for observing the structure characteristics.The fiber morphology and tissue proportion were measured after separating the wood by nitric acid potassium chlorate.The main physical and mechanical properties of wood were determined based on methods described in the national standard GB1929-1943-09 the Physical and Mechanical Tests of Wood.【Result】There was no differences observed between the structures of the tested 4 different types of Q.variabilis.The fiber contents of woods with thick skin-shallow crack and thin skin-shallow crack were higher than that of woods with thick skin-deep crack and thin skin-deep crack.The fiber of woods with thin skin-deep crack was longer than that of the other three types.The length-width ratios of fiber of woods with thick skin-shallow crack and thin skin-shallow crack were greater than that of the other two types,while their cell wall-cavity ratios were less than that of the other two types.Wood density and strength of wood with thin skin-shallow crack were the largest.The dry shrink ability of wood with thick skin-shallow crack was the smallest.【Conclusion】The woods with thick skin shallow crack and thin skin-shallow crack were suggested types. |
| Key words: Quercus variabilis wood structural characteristics fiber morphology tissue proportion wood physical and mechanical properties |
