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基于叶片解剖结构的西宁市11种城市森林植物抗旱性评价
张 义1, 王得祥1, 宋 彬,等1
西北农林科技大学 林学院
摘要:
【目的】基于叶片解剖结构,对位于干旱半干旱地区的青海省西宁市城区11种常见城市森林植物的抗旱特性进行分析。【方法】2012-07从西宁市文化公园采集11种供试植物4个方向上层健康成熟叶片,采用石蜡切片法和指甲油印迹法制片,在Motic Image Advanced 3.2软件下观测叶片厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、上表皮角质层厚度、栅栏组织细胞层数、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、中脉厚度、下表皮气孔密度,并计算出栅栏组织/海绵组织厚度比和叶片结构紧实度,运用方差分析和主成分分析并结合模糊隶属函数法,对11种植物的抗旱性进行综合评价。【结果】11种植物叶片均具备抵抗干旱环境的解剖结构,如具有明显的角质层、发达的栅栏组织和叶脉及较大密度的气孔。所选11个旱性指标除栅栏组织细胞层数外,其余10个指标在11种植物间差异显著,运用主成分分析筛选出栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、上表皮厚度、中脉厚度作为抗旱性综合评价的主要指标。【结论】11种供试植物的抗旱性强弱排序为:山桃>柠条>欧洲白榆>木藤蓼>山杏>河北杨>金叶莸>沙枣>沙棘>香荚蒾>水蜡。
关键词:  叶片解剖结构  抗旱性  主成分分析  隶属函数分析  西宁市
DOI:
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基金项目:林业公益性行业科研专项(201104045)
Leaf anatomical structure based drought resistance evaluation of 11 urban forest plants in Xining city
ZHANG Yi,WANG De-xiang,SONG Bin,et al
Abstract:
【Objective】The leaf anatomical structures of 11 urban forest plants in a semi-arid city Xining were evaluated to analyze their drought resistances.【Method】In July 2012,healthy mature leaves from four directions of 11 tested plants in the Culture Park,Xining were picked.Paraffin sectioning method and nail oil seal were used to make permanent loadings.Thickness of leaves,thickness of upper epidermis,thickness of lower epidermis,cuticle thickness of upper epidermis,layers of palisade tissue,thickness of palisade tissue,thickness of spongy tissue,thickness of vein,and stoma density of lower epidermis were measured by Motic Image Advanced 3.2 and thickness ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue and compactness of leaf structure were calculated.Variance analysis,principal component analysis and membership function were used to evaluate the drought resistances of the 11 plants.【Result】Leaves of all 11 plants had anatomical structures in resistance to arid environment,including the obvious cuticle,developed palisade tissue and veins,and pores with large density.Except the layers of palisade tissue,all xeromorphic indices had significant differences between the 11 plants.Four typical xeromorphic indices including thickness of palisade tissue,thickness of spongy tissue,cuticle of upper epidermis.and stoma density of lower epidermis were screened by principal component analysis.【Conclusion】The drought resistances of the 11 plants were in a decreasing order of Prunus davidianaCaragana korshinskiiUlmus laevisFallopia aubertiiSiberian apricotPopulus hopeiensisCaryopteris clandonensisElaeagnus angustifoliaHippophae rhamnoidesViburnum farreriLigustrum obtusifolium.
Key words:  leaf anatomical structure  drought resistance  principal components analysis  subordinate function analysis  Xining city