| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究黄河陕西合阳段兰州鲇的种质特点和种群生存现状，为黄河鲇的种质资源保护提供依据。【方法】从形态特征、种群组成以及同工酶3个方面，对黄河陕西合阳段兰州鲇的生物学特性及种群特征进行研究。【结果】黄河陕西合阳段兰州鲇各鳍鳍式为，背鳍i 4～5，胸鳍i-11～14，腹鳍i-10～11，臀鳍i-78～87；鳃耙8～12；须2对；体长/头长为4.8～5.4，头长/吻长为2.8～3.2，头长/眼径为11.2～15.0；脊椎骨数目为63～68，比肠长0.91±0.25；具有发达的‘V’型胃，其消化生理特性符合肉食性鱼类的特征。同工酶检测结果表明：黄河陕西合阳段兰州鲇的乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）有2个位点，均为单态；而酯酶（EST）有5个位点，其中EST-3在各组织中广泛表达，且为多态。经鉴定，本次采捕的31尾样本中，3龄鱼占25.8%，4龄鱼占35.5%，比例较高。【结论】黄河陕西合阳段兰州鲇种群存在遗传多样性，但种群组成趋向低龄化，表明其野生资源受到较严重破坏，应及时予以保护。 |
| 关键词: 黄河陕西合阳段 兰州鲇 形态特征 种群特征 |
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| 基金项目:陕西省科学技术研究发展计划项目（2011K01-13）；陕西省水利科技项目（2011-12） |
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| Biological and population characteristics of Silurus lanzhouensis in Heyang,Shaanxi section of the Yellow River |
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WANG Feng,YANG Yuan-hao,WANG Shi-xue,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The population characteristics and the living status of Silurus lanzhouensis in Heyang,Shaanxi section of the Yellow River were investigated to provide scientific reference for protecting the Silurus lanzhouensis.【Method】The morphological characteristics,population constituent and isoenzyme of Silurus lanzhouensis in Heyang,Shaanxi section of the Yellow River were analyzed synthetically.【Result】The population of Silurus lanzhouensis in Heyang,Shannxi section of the Yellow River was similar to the population in Ningxia section of the Yellow River.The fins were:dorsal fins i-4－5,pectoral fins i-11－14,pelvic fins i-10－11,and anal fins i-78－87.The gill rakers were 8－12 and the beards were 2 pairs.The ratios of body to length,head to snout,and head to eye diameter were 4.8－5.4,2.8－3.2,and 11.2－15.0,respectively.The number of vertebrae was 63－68,and the digestive tube index was 0.91±0.25.Silurus lanzhouensis had a powerful stomach with the shape of “V” and which was typical among carnivorous fishes.Isozyme analysis indicted that the lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) had two monomorphic sites,while the esterase (EST) had 5 sites,in which EST-3 was polymorphism and expressed in various tissues.In all the 31 specimens,the fishes with ages of 3 and 4 years had the higher ratios of 25.8% and 35.5%,respectively.【Conclusion】The genetic diversity of Silurus lanzhouensis was abundant in Heyang,Shaanxi section of the Yellow River.But the population age of Silurus lanzhouensis tended to be younger,indicating that the wild resources were severely destroyed and timely protection was needed. |
| Key words: Heyang,Shaanxi section of the Yellow River Silurus lanzhouensis morphological characteristics population characteristics |
