| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究重金属Zn2+长期胁迫对麦长管蚜生长、发育和繁殖的影响，为重金属污染对生态系统的影响及监测和治理研究提供理论依据。【方法】以不同含量（0，200，400，800，1 600 mg/kg）Zn2+处理小麦土壤，用特定时间-特定龄期两性生命表的方法，观察和分析土壤-小麦-蚜虫体系中Zn2+期胁迫对麦长管蚜不同龄期蚜虫的发育历期、成虫寿命、若虫期存活率和繁殖力的影响。【结果】低含量(200和400 mg/kg)Zn2+短期处理后,麦长管蚜若虫期存活率显著升高，随着代数的增加，各处理的麦长管蚜若虫期存活率逐渐下降；Zn2+长期胁迫对麦长管蚜1龄、3龄和4龄若蚜的发育历期有显著影响，对2龄若蚜无显著影响；长期胁迫条件下，低含量(200和400 mg/kg) Zn2+处理后，麦长管蚜的成虫寿命延长，高含量(800和1 600 mg/kg)Zn2+处理则显著缩短。高含量(1 600 mg/kg) Zn2+短期胁迫（1代）下，麦长管蚜的繁殖力显著高于对照，随着世代的增加，繁殖力显著下降。【结论】长期胁迫后，Zn2+在麦长管蚜体内产生了积累特性和累积毒性效应，高含量Zn2+处理的毒害作用加强，低含量Zn2+处理则诱导产生了代谢补偿机制。 |
| 关键词: 麦长管蚜 锌 生长发育 繁殖 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（39970112，30470268）；中德农业合作项目［2006/2007（04）］ |
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| Effects of long-term exposure to heavy metal Zn2+ on development and reproduction of aphid,Sitobion.avenae (Fabricius) |
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BAI Xiao-hui,GAO Huan-huan,MENG Qing-xiang,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The effects of long-term exposure to heavy metal Zn2+ on the growth,development and reproduction of aphid Sitobion.avenae were explored in this study,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for monitoring and managing the ecosystem stressed by heavy metal contamination.【Method】Soil samples exposed to five Zn2+ concentration levels (0,200,400,800 and 1 600 mg/kg),were observed and analyzed with specific time and specific age using-two-sex life table method to investigate the effects on the growth,development and reproduction of aphid in the soil-wheat-aphid system.【Result】The survival rates of the nymphs decreased with the increase of the generation in treatments exposure to lower Zn2+ concentrations (200 and 400 mg/kg).Long-term Zn2+ exposure had significant effects on the development duration of aphid larvae with ages of 1,3,and 4 instars while no effects on the age of 2 instars.The longevity of adult aphids exposed to low Zn2+ concentrations (200 and 400 mg/kg) was prolonged while that of adult aphids exposure to higher Zn2+ concentrations (800 and 1 600 mg/kg) was shortened sharply.Compared to control,exposure to 1 600 mg/kg of Zn2+ increased the fecundity of aphids in first generation significantly in the initial generation.However,it was significantly decreased with the advance of generation.【Conclusion】Long-term exposure to heavy metal Zn2+ induced the accumulation characteristics and accumulation toxic effect.The toxic effect was enhanced by higher concentrations,whereas metabolic compensation was induced by low concentrations. |
| Key words: Sitobion.avenae(Fabricius) Znic development reproduction |
