| 摘要: |
| 【目的】对陕西省苹果品种的结构和生产效益现状进行调查，为陕西省的苹果品种结构调整和区域优化提供理论基础。【方法】针对苹果栽培面积、品种、产量、果园投入和收入等问题，于2012-07，采用实地调研、电话咨询、问卷调查、资料查阅及访谈等形式，调查陕西省榆林市、延安市、铜川市、渭南市、咸阳市和宝鸡市6市苹果主要生产县的果业局或园艺站的相关人员；2012-08-11，抽样调查陕北南部（延安市宝塔区）、渭北北部（延安市洛川县和咸阳市旬邑县）、渭北中部（渭南市白水县）、渭北中西部（宝鸡市扶风县）、渭北南部（渭南市富平县）6个典型苹果生产基地县(区)，深入果园或果农家中进行面对面的交流和访谈，向果农发放调查问卷，根据获得的调查数据分析陕西省苹果品种结构及生产效益。【结果】陕西省的主栽品种有10余种，其中富士、秦冠、嘎拉是3种主要栽培品种，苹果早熟、中熟、晚熟品种栽培面积的比例为2∶15∶83；除富平县外，其他5个县与陕西省苹果品种结构相似，富平县栽培苹果以中、早熟和极晚熟品种为特色；洛川县和白水县的苹果效益均较高；在各投入因素中，果袋和肥料投入对果园收入的影响较大。【结论】陕西省苹果晚熟品种多，早熟品种少，品种结构较单一，规模化生产程度低，区域特色不明显。 |
| 关键词: 苹果 陕西省 品种结构 生产效益 |
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| 基金项目:现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（nycytx-08-01-03）；陕西省“13115”重大专项（2010ZDKG-69）；陕西省科技攻关项目（2010K01-04-1） |
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| Current situation of apple varieties structure and production efficiency in Shaanxi Province |
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SHI Xing-yun,XU Shan-shan,WU Yue-ni,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Apple varieties structure and production efficiency in Shaanxi Province were investigated to improve the adjustment of varieties structure and optimize the regional layout of apple planting.【Method】To solve planting areas,varieties,yield,input and income problems of apple,field research,telephone consultations,questionnaire survey,literature review,interviews and other methods were used to obtain information from people in fruit industry Bureau or gardening stations of Yulin,Yan’an,Tongchuan,Weinan,Xianyang and Baoji in July 2012.Sample survey on 6 typical apple production counties in the south of Northern Shaanxi (Baota District),the north of Weibei (Luochuan County and Xunyi County),the central of Weibei (Baishui County),the middle and west of Weibei (Fufeng County),and the south of Weibei (Fuping County) were conducted through face-to-face communication with apple farmers.At last,the varieties structure and production efficiency were analyzed.【Result】The major apple varieties in Shaanxi Province were Fuji,Qin’guan and Gala.The ratio of early-maturing,middle-maturing and late-maturing varieties was 2∶15∶83.The apple varieties structures of studied counties were analogous to the average in Shaanxi Province except Fuping County,which was famous for the mid early and very late-maturing varieties.Production efficiency in Luochuan and Baishui counties was high and investment on fruit bags and fertilizers had the largest influence on production efficiency.【Conclusion】The structure of apple varieties in Shaanxi Province was simple,with more late-maturing varieties and less early-maturing varieties,and the scale of production was small and regional layout was not significant. |
| Key words: apple Shaanxi Province varieties structure production efficiency |
