| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究关中地区秸秆还田措施下不同施氮量对冬小麦产量及养分吸收的影响，为相同区域秸秆还田条件下冬小麦氮肥的优化管理提供科学依据。【方法】以“周麦23”为供试材料，进行一季以5个氮肥用量（0，84，168，252，336 kg/hm2）为主处理、秸秆还田与否为副处理的田间裂区试验，分析不同氮肥用量对秸秆还田措施下小麦产量、产量构成要素及地上部养分吸收的影响。【结果】与单施氮肥处理相比，在低施氮量（<168 kg/hm2）下，氮肥配合秸秆还田处理的冬小麦产量有降低趋势，在高施氮量（>252 kg/hm2）下,氮肥配合秸秆还田处理的冬小麦产量呈增加趋势，但两者差异不显著；氮肥表观利用率和氮肥农学效率均呈现为相同施氮量下，秸秆还田处理高于秸秆不还田处理，分别提高了3.29%～24.46%和15.04%～30.05%。秸秆还田条件下，冬小麦籽粒、茎叶和颖壳中的氮素含量及茎叶和颖壳中的钾素含量均随着施氮量的增加而显著增加，而颖壳磷素含量随着施氮量的增加有降低趋势，籽粒中钾素含量受施氮量的影响差异不显著。相同施氮量下，与单施氮肥处理相比，氮肥配合秸秆还田处理籽粒的磷素及钾素含量均呈增加趋势，但差异不显著。【结论】氮肥配合秸秆还田能提高冬小麦氮素利用效率。秸秆还田配施适量的氮肥有提高冬小麦产量的趋势，秸秆还田后氮肥施用量应高于非秸秆还田的田块，但考虑到生产成本及潜在环境污染的可能性因素，在秸秆还田条件下，关中地区冬小麦施氮量不宜高于336 kg/hm2。 |
| 关键词: 秸秆还田 氮肥用量 籽粒产量 养分吸收 冬小麦 |
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| 基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系“小麦营养与有害物质监控项目”（Z225021103）；西北农林科技大学创新团队项目（Z111021012）；西北农林科技大学基本科研业务费专项（Z109021202） |
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| Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on yield and nutrition uptake of winter wheat planted in straw return field |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】A field experiment aiming at the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on yield and nutrition uptake of winter wheat planted in straw return field was conducted,to improve nitrogen application on field with straw return.【Method】A wheat cultivar,Zhoumai 23,was used in split block design field with 4 replicates.A total of 5 main treatments were coded as N0,N84,N168,N252,and N336 for nitrogen fertilizer application (0,84,168,252,and 336 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer applied,respectively) and return of maize straw was coded as vice treatment.【Result】Compared with treatments without straw return,wheat yields of S+N (straw return and nitrogen application) decreased,but differences were not significant statistically.Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiencies and agronomic nitrogen use efficiencies of S+N treatments were higher than those of N treatments by 3.29%-24.46% and 15.04%-30.05%,respectively.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,nitrogen contents in wheat grain,leaf and glume and potassium contents in wheat leaf and glume of S+N treatments increased significantly,while phosphorus contents in wheat glume decreased slightly.Nitrogen application rate had no significant affect to phosphorus contents in leaf and grain,and potassium contents in grain.【Conclusion】Returning straw to field had positive effects on nitrogen fertilizer application in winter wheat field under the experimental conditions,and no more than 336 kg/hm2 was the suggested nitrogen application rate together with straw return. |
| Key words: straw residue returning nitrogen fertilizer application grain yield nutrition uptake winter wheat |
