| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究渭北旱塬地区苹果园内不同覆盖方式对果园土壤水分、养分、果树生长及结果情况的影响。【方法】以“长富2号”苹果为研究对象，设置覆黑膜、覆白膜和生草覆盖3个覆盖处理，以清耕为对照(CK)，定点在果树1年内的不同生长期测定土壤0～40 cm土层的土壤体积含水率，同时采集土壤样品测定其养分含量；在果实成熟时，测定果树生长量以及果实产量和品质等指标。【结果】土壤体积含水率在对照、覆白膜和覆黑膜处理间的变化趋势一致，均呈先降后升最后趋于稳定，覆黑膜处理的变化相对较小；而生草覆盖处理不同，呈现出先升后降再升的变化趋势。在初始养分条件基本相等的情况下，随着处理时间的延长，生草覆盖处理可以提高土壤养分含量，有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾较处理之初依次提高14.6%，13.8%，19.7%，6.32%和14.2%；而覆膜处理能稳定土壤养分含量，其各养分参数在生长期变化不大；清耕处理土壤养分降低，有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾依次降低7.92%，1.74%，29.0%，33.8%和29.8%。覆白膜、黑膜和生草覆盖处理的新枝生长量依次比对照提高24.5%，34.2%和20.5%，叶面积依次增加9.58%，11.5%和5.75%，叶绿素含量依次提高6.03%，6.56%和11.5%。3种覆盖方式均提高了苹果的产量和品质。【结论】覆盖措施能够保持土壤水分，改善土壤养分状况，覆黑膜处理时的保水性最稳定，而生草覆盖能够调节土壤水分且显著改善土壤养分状况；覆盖对苹果树生长和苹果产量、品质起到促进作用，覆黑膜有利于苹果产量的提高，而生草覆盖更有利于苹果树的生长和苹果品质的提高。 |
| 关键词: 苹果 土壤覆盖措施 土壤水分 果树生长 果实产量与品质 |
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| 基金项目:陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2011KTZB02-02-04) |
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| Effect of different mulching treatments on changes of soil properties,growth of fruit tree,and yield and quality of fruit |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】In this paper,the effect of different mulching treatments on changes of soil moisture,nutrients,fruit tree growth and yield and quality of fruit was studied in Weibei.【Method】This study used “Nagafu 2,cv fuji” as the material,white film,black film and growing grass as treatments and tillage as control (CK).Soil volumetric moisture content and nutrients at depth of 0-40 cm were collected and measured in different growth stages.Fruit tree growth and fruit quality factors were measured after harvest.【Result】The same trends of soil moisture content were observed in the control,white film treatment and black film treatment, while the trend in growing grass treatment was different.The changes were moderated in black film treatment with time.The soil nutrients contents increased in growing grass treatment.Compared with CK,the soil organic,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium contents were increased by 14.6%,13.8%,19.7%,6.32% and 14.2%,respectively.The soil nutrients contents were stable in white film treatment and black film treatment.The soil nutrients contents reduced in control.The soil organic,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium contents were decreased by 7.92%,1.74%,29.0%,33.8% and 29.8% from March to September.Compared with CK,the branches of trees in white film,black film and growing grass treatments increased by 24.5%,34.2% and 20.5%.The leaf area indexes increased by 9.58%,11.5% and 5.75%,while the chlorophyll contents increased by 6.03%,6.56% and 11.5%,respectively.The yield and quality of apples in mulching treatments increased significantly.【Conclusion】1)Mulching treatments kept the soil moisture and improve soil nutrients.Black film treatment obtained the highest water retention.Growing grass treatment regulated the soil moisture and improved soil nutrients.2)The growth of apple trees, and yield and quality of apple were increased significantly in mulching treatments.Black film treatment was good to yield while growing grass treatment benefited growth of apple tree and quality of apples. |
| Key words: apple mulching treatment of soil soil moisture growth of the apple tree fruit yield and quality |
