| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究西瓜种质资源的遗传多样性和应用潜力，为西瓜遗传多样性保护和育种实践提供依据。【方法】以国家蔬菜工程技术研究中心提供的768份西瓜种质资源为材料，通过2009年和2010年2年的田间试验进行了24个性状（包括果实生育期、全生育期、雌花到生长点距离、茎节间长度、叶片纵径、叶片横径、果实纵径、果实横径、单果质量、果皮厚度、固形物含量、种子百粒质量、单瓜种子数等13个数量性状，以及茎断面形状、植株性型、果皮底色、果皮斑纹形状、果皮斑纹颜色、果肉色泽、果肉质地、果肉风味、种子底色、种子斑纹形状和种子斑纹颜色等11个质量性状）的表型多样性研究。【结果】西瓜种质资源13个数量性状的平均变异系数为23.28%，其中单果质量的变异系数最大，为52.63%，雌花到生长点距离的变异系数最小，为0.32%。11个质量性状的平均变异系数为43.21%，变异系数最大的是种子斑纹形状（72.32%），最小的是茎断面形状（17.07%）。13个数量性状的平均遗传多样性指数为1.93，11个质量性状的平均遗传多样性指数为1.20；果肉质地（2.12）、雌花到生长点距离（2.06）、固形物含量（2.04）、叶片纵径（2.02）、种子百粒质量（2.02）、单瓜种子数（2.01）和果实横径的遗传多样性指数（2.01）均较大，茎断面形状的遗传多样性指数最小（0.40）。【结论】西瓜种质资源不同性状指标的变异程度和多样性指数较大，表明其具有丰富的变异程度和多样性。 |
| 关键词: 西瓜 多样性指数 变异系数 |
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| 基金项目:甘肃省干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(GSCS-2010-006） |
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| Phenotypic diversity in main characters of watermelon germplasm |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The study aimed to reveal the genetic diversity of watermelon germplasm.【Method】Phenotypes among the characters of 768 watermelon genetic resources from the National Engineering Research Center for vegetables were analyzed and compared.【Result】The results showed that coefficient of variation (CV) values of the 13 quantitative characters tested ranged from 0.32% (Distance between female flower to the growing point) to 52.63% (Single fruit weight) with an average of 23.28%.CV values of the 11 qualitative characters tested ranged from 17.07% (Stem section shape) to 72.32% (Seed speckle shape) with an average of 43.21%.The average of the 13 quantitative characters diversity indexes (H′) was 1.93,and the average of the 11 qualitative characters diversity indexes (H′) was 1.20.The characters with higher diversity indexes (H′) were pulp texture (2.12),distance between female flower to the growing point (2.06),solids content (2.04),leaf longitudinal diameter (2.02),100-seed-weight (2.02),seeds per fruit (2.01),and fruits′ transect diameter (2.01),while the character with the lowest H′ was stem section shape (0.40).【Conclusion】Coefficients of variation (CV) and diversity indexes (H′) in different characters of watermelon germplasm were large,indicating that it had abundant variation and diversity. |
| Key words: watermelon diversity Index variation coefficient |
