| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究秦岭小峪河金矿区土壤、植物重金属污染状况，以期为矿山污染环境的恢复治理提供参考。【方法】在小峪河的上游、中游、下游分别采集土壤样品和植物样品（艾草和碱草），分析其Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr 5种重金属含量及形态分布特征，并采用潜在危害生态指数法对土壤重金属的生物有效性进行评价，采用单项污染指数法和内梅罗污染综合指数法对植物重金属的污染状况进行评价。【结果】土壤中各重金属含量总体表现为下游>中游>上游，其中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd受矿山开发活动影响较大，而Cr受影响较小。小峪河上游、中游、下游重金属污染程度分别为轻微污染、轻微污染、中等污染，且主要污染物为Cd、Cu、Zn。对土壤重金属形态与生物有效性分析可知，5种重金属的生物有效性为Cd>Pb>Cu≈Zn>Cr。在艾草和碱草中，Zn、Pb、Cu含量均较高，而Cd和Cr含量均较低，且从小峪河上游到下游呈累积现象。相同植物对不同重金属吸收能力不同，不同植物对相同重金属吸收能力也存在差异。艾草和碱草均受到了重金属的严重污染，污染程度为Pb>Cd>Cr>Cu>Zn，其中Pb单项污染指数已达到29.67～306.67，是最主要的污染物。【结论】小峪河金矿区土壤、植被重金属污染严重，亟需恢复治理。 |
| 关键词: 小峪河金矿区 重金属 Tessier五步连续提取法 形态分布 生物有效性 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:陕西省自然科学基金项目（SJ08-ZT08-3）；西安科技大学博士研究基金项目（B2009-18） |
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| Heavy metal pollution on soil and vegetation in Xiaoyu gold mining area |
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XUE Xicheng, CHEN Fei
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Xi’an University of Science and Technology
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This research focused on heavy metal pollution on soil and vegetation in Qinling Xiaoyu gold mining area.【Method】Samples were collected form soil and vegetation (Wormwoods and Lyme grass) in Xiaoyu River from upstream to downstream to analyze the components and contents of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd and Cr in soil and vegetation,and by taking potential ecological index the soil heavy metals biological effectiveness was evaluated.In addition,heavy metal pollution in vegetation was evaluated using the single pollution index method and integrated pollution index method.【Result】The concentrations heavy metals in soil was in a decreasing order of downstream>middle>upstream.Content of Cu,Pb,Zn and Cd were greatly influenced by mining activities where Cr was less influenced.The heavy metal pollution degrees of upstream,midstream,and downstream of Xiaoyu River slight,slight and moderate,respectively,and the main pollutants were Cd,Cu and Zn,respectively.The migration order of heavy metals was Cd>Pb>Cu≈Zn>Cr.In Wormwoods and Lyme grass,Zn,Pb and Cu contents were high,Cr and Cd contents were low and the pollutants accumulated from upstream to downstream.The absorbing abilities of the same plant were different when absorbing different heavy metals,indicating it was difficult to absorb same metal using different plants.Lyme grasses and Wormwoods both were badly polluted by heavy metals,and the degree of pollutants were in a decreasing order of Pb>Cd>Cr>Cu>Zn,among which Pb was the main pollutant with single pollution index of 29.67-306.67.【Conclusion】The soil and vegetation in Xiaoyu gold mining area were severely polluted. |
| Key words: Xiaoyu gold mining area heavy metal Tessier sequential extraction method configuration analysis biological effectiveness |
