| 摘要: |
| 【目的】确定红花槐花药离体培养的最适宜取样时期及其相应的花器官形态特征判断标准。【方法】采用小孢子染色压片观察、花器官形态特征观测和花药离体培养试验，研究红花槐花药小孢子发育阶段，探讨小孢子发育阶段与花器官形态特征及花药愈伤组织诱导率的关系。【结果】1）小孢子发育过程可分为四分体、单核及二细胞花粉3个时期，这3个时期之间具有明显的细胞学特征差异，其中单核时期又分为单核早中期和单核靠边期。2）小孢子单核时期（单核早中期及单核靠边期）花药适宜离体培养，其中单核靠边期愈伤组织诱导率高达(77.05±1.56)%，为红花槐花药离体培养的最佳时期。3）在单核靠边期，花蕾纵径介于10.01～12.20 mm、花冠与花萼的长度比>1/4～≤2/5。同时，小花花萼上部为红色，白色花冠从花萼中露出且顶部开始变为粉红色，花序大而松散，小花间距离较大。【结论】红花槐花药离体培养最适取材时期为小孢子单核靠边期，并可通过小孢子与花器官形态特征的对应关系进行取材。 |
| 关键词: 红花槐 小孢子发育时期 花蕾形态特征 花药培养 愈伤组织诱导 |
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| 基金项目:林业公益性行业科研专项(201104013)；国家自然科学基金面上项目 (31170629) |
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| Optimal anther culture period and flower bud selecting standard for Robinia pseudoacacia var. decaisneana (Carr.) Voss |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The study was to investigate the relation between microspore development course of pseudoacacia var.decaisneana (Carr.) Voss and the morphology of flower organs,so as to decide the optimal sampling period for anther culturing of R.pseudoacacia var.decaisneana (Carr.) Voss.【Method】Cytological characteristics of microspores were studied using squash method.Meanwhile,flower organ morphology was observed and the anther culture experiment was conducted.【Result】1) Microspore development process could be divided into the following phases with their own cytological features:Metaphase,Monocaryotic phase and 2-celled pollen.Monocaryotic phase could be further divided into early and middle microsporocyte stage,and late microsporocyte stage.2) Anthers in early and middle microsporocyte stage or late microsporocyte stage were suitable for anther culturing.However,the optimal stage for anther culturing of R.pseudoacacia var.decaisneana (Carr.) Voss was late microsporocyte stage,with callus formation rates of 77.05%±1.56%.3) Flower organ morphology observation experiment showed that the sizes of the flower buds were between 10.01 and 12.20 mm with a corolla to calyx ratio of >1/4-≤2/5 in late microsporocyte stage.Moreover,in this stage,the white corolla was exposed from the red calyx and the tip of the corolla turned to pink gradually.Besides that,the inflorescence began to become loosen and the distances of flower got large.【Conclusion】The optimal period for anther culturing was late microsporocyte stage based on the correlation between floral organ and microspore. |
| Key words: Robinia pseudoacacia var.decaisneana (Carr.) Voss microspore development course morphology of flower organ anther culture induction of callus |
