| 摘要: |
| 【目的】对7个月季和5个玫瑰品种的染色体核型进行分析,为玫瑰和月季种间杂交育种研究提供细胞遗传学资料。【方法】采用常规压片法,对7个现代月季品种和5个玫瑰品种的倍性及核型进行研究。【结果】7个现代月季品种中除“霍尔恩”是三倍体（2n=3x=21）外，其余均为四倍体(2n=4x=28），5个玫瑰品种均为二倍体(2n=2x=14)。7个月季品种的核型包括1A、2A和1B 3种，5个玫瑰品种则包括1B和2B 2种核型。月季品种“霍尔恩”染色体相对长度为10.33%～20.67%，其余品种染色体相对长度均在4.63%～10.97%。玫瑰品种染色体的相对长度为7.62%～24.07%，与月季品种相比明显不同。7个月季品种最长与最短染色体的比值小于2.00与大于2.00的品种比例为3∶4，而5个玫瑰品种的最长与最短染色体比值均大于2.00。本研究所涉及的月季与玫瑰品种的染色体臂比、核不对称系数以及着丝粒指数差异性不大，分别介于1.00～2.14、54.63%～60.86%和31.82%～50.00%，染色体类型以中部（m）和近中部(sm)染色体为主，未发现端部染色体（t）和随体。【结论】现代月季品种和玫瑰品种的核型和倍性存在明显差异，玫瑰品种的核型总体较现代月季品种进化。 |
| 关键词: 月季 玫瑰 染色体 倍性 核型 |
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| 基金项目:国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目（2012BAD01B07） |
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| Karyotype analysis of 7 Rosa hybrida and 5 Rosa rugosa cultivars |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The experiment aimed to provide cytogenetical information for cross breeding of Rosa hybrida and Rosa rugosa through karyotype analysis of R.hybrid and R.rugosa cultivars.【Method】Traditional squashing method was used to study the karyotypes of 7 R.hybrida cultivars and 5 R.rugosa cultivars.【Result】The results showed that the ploidy levels of R.hybrida cultivars were tetraloid (2n=4x=28),except R.hybrida ‘Elmshorn’,which was triploid (2n=3x=21).And the ploidy levels of all the 5 R.rugosa cultivars were diploid (2n=2x=14).The karyotypes of R.hybrida cultivars included 1A,2A and 1B,while the karyotypes of R.rugosa cultivars contained 1B and 2B.Among the 7 R.hybrida cultivars,the chromosome relative length of ‘Elmshorn’ was 10.33%-20.67%,and those of the other 6 cultivars varied from 4.63% to 10.97%.The chromosome relative lengths of 5 R.rugosa cultivars were 7.62%-24.07%,which were largely different from those of R.hybrida cultivars.Among ratios of the length of the longest chromosome to that of the shortest one of the 7 R.hybrid cultivars,3 were above 2.00 and 4 were under 2.00 ,while the ratios of 5 R.rugosa cultivars were all above 2.00.Generally,the differences between R.hybrida and R.rugosa cultivars on Arm ratio,Asymmetry index and Centromere index were not obvious.Arm ratio,Asymmetry index and Centromere index of all tested cultivars from both species fell in 1.00-2.14,54.63%-60.86% and 31.82%-50.00% respectively.The karyotypes of all the tested materials were mainly made of m and sm chromosomes,and no chromosome or satellite was found.【Conclusion】There are obvious variations in karyotype and ploidy levels between R.hybrida and R.rugosa cultivars and the karyotypes of tested R.rugosa cultivars appear to be more developed. |
| Key words: Rosa hybrida Rosa rugosa chromosome karyotype ploidy level |
