| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析不同林农复合经营模式下树冠对作物生长的影响，为当地选取合理的林农复合经营模式提供理论依据。【方法】以苏北沿海平原杨树 农、水杉 农复合经营模式为研究对象，根据林龄和株行距的不同，选择8种复合模式，分析不同林农复合经营模式中，随季节变化林分的叶面积指数、透光率的变化规律，以及林下作物不同生育期叶面积指数、光截获量、生物量、产量及其构成因子的变化。【结果】2011-04-11，各林农复合经营模式下林分的叶面积指数变化先升高后下降，透光率变化趋势与LAI恰好相反。在小麦开花期，对照田小麦LAI达到最大值，为5.72，光截获量在开花灌浆期达最大，与对照比值最大达0.808；在大豆结荚期LAI达到最大值，为1.37，在结荚期，大豆光截获量达到最大值，其中对照为1 472.550 mol/m2。在小麦孕穗期，不同样地小麦生物量为1.066～2.458 kg/m2,差异不明显，随着小麦灌浆、成熟，各样地小麦生物量差异越来越明显，其中成熟期在2.265～5.305 kg/m2；大豆成熟期，各样地大豆生物量差异比结荚期显著，不同模式生物量在229.705～419.085 g/m2。小麦有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量与产量都达到极显著相关，C（15 a，3 m×12 m，杨-麦复合）、D（15 a，3 m×16 m，杨-麦复合）模式产量及其构成因子较低，B（5 a，3 m×16 m,杨-麦复合）,G(5 a,3 m×16 m,水杉-麦)产量分别为2 864.30,2 937.67 kg/hm2,高于对照（2 813.95 kg/hm2）。不同模式大豆产量差异显著，G（5 a，3 m×16 m，水杉-大豆）的产量为1 664.73 kg/hm2，与对照最接近，在各个构成因子中，有效粒数与产量的相关关系最大，为0.994。【结论】在林农复合经营模式下，树冠遮阴会对作物产量产生影响，其中小麦减产较少，大豆影响较大，且较大林龄、较小株行距的林分影响显著。 |
| 关键词: 林农复合 叶面积指数 作物生长状况 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家林业科学技术推广项目((2010)37号)；国家林业公益行业专项（201104068） |
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| Effects of different agro-forestry models on crop growth and yield |
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LI Yongmei, ZHANG Jinchi, GUO Xiaoping,et al
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Nanjing Forestry University,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】In order to choose right agro-forestry model,the canopy effects of different agro-forestry models on crop growth were analyzed.【Method】The paper took the Popular-crops and Metasequoia-crops in northern Jiangsu as the research objects.8 intercropping systems were chosen according to the ages of stands and spacing between plants.The changes of LAI,transmittance of trees and crops according to their phenophases and yields were analyzed.【Result】From April to November 2011,the LAI of trees increased and then declined while the transmittance had opposite trend.During flowering stage,the LAI of wheat in control plot reached the maximum of 5.72.The transmittance ratio reached the maximum during the flowering-grain filling stage.During the podding stage,the LAI of soybean reached the maximum of 1.37.From flowering to podding stage,the maximum transmittance of soybean was 1 472.550 mol/m2.During booting stage,the biomasses of different samples were 1.066-2.458 kg/m2,and there was no significant difference.As the wheat matured,the biomasses of different samples had increased differences,and the biomasses were 2.265-5.305 kg/m2 in maturing stage.The soybean biomasses of different samples in maturing stage had more significant differences than podding stage.The soybean biomasses in different samples were 229.705-419.085 g/m2.The effective panicles,grain number,grain weight of wheat had significant correlation.C (15 a,3 m×12 m,Popular-wheat) and D (15 a,3 m×16 m,Popular-wheat) had low yields.The yields of B (5 a,3 m×16 m,Popular-wheat) and D (5 a,3 m×16 m,Metasequoia-wheat) were 2 864.30 and 2 937.67 kg/hm2,respectively,greater than control (2 813.95 kg/hm2).The yields of soybean in different models had significant differences.The yield of G (5 a,3 m×16 m,Metasequoia-soybean) was 1 664.73 kg/hm2,which was similar to the control.The effective grain number and yield had the largest correlation coefficient in different component factors with a coefficient of 0.994.【Conclution】In different agro-forestry models,the canopy shade had significant effects on crop yield.The effects on spring crop were less than that on autumn crop.The effects of stands with older ages and smaller spacing were more significant. |
| Key words: agro-forestry system leaf area index crops growth conditions |
