| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨玉米秸秆还田配施氮肥对关中灌区冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响，为该地区实现小麦高产提供理论依据。【方法】以“西农979”作为供试冬小麦品种，研究玉米秸秆还田条件下配施0，87.5，175，262.5，350 kg/hm2氮肥以及秸秆不还田条件下施用175 kg/hm2氮肥6个处理，对冬小麦产量、土壤贮水量和水分利用率的影响。【结果】在氮肥用量相等（175 kg/hm2）的情况下，玉米秸秆还田配施氮肥处理的冬小麦有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量和产量较单施氮肥处理分别增加了39万穗/hm2，1.57，2.11 g和1 200 kg/hm2。6个处理中，玉米秸秆还田配施262.5 kg/hm2氮肥处理的冬小麦产量和水分利用率最高，分别达到8 415 kg/hm2和20.9 kg/(hm2· mm)。各秸秆还田配施氮肥处理的水分利用率明显高于不施氮处理。在氮肥用量相同的情况下，玉米秸秆还田处理耗水量比秸秆不还田处理减少19.00 mm。【结论】秸秆还田能提高冬小麦产量和水分利用率，在玉米秸秆还田条件下，关中平原冬小麦氮肥用量应控制在175～262.5 kg/hm2。 |
| 关键词: 秸秆还田 产量 冬小麦 水分利用率 |
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| 基金项目:公益性行业（农业）专项“小麦营养与有害物质监控”（Z225021103）；西北农林科技大学创新团队项目（Z111021012）；西北农林科技大学基本科研创新重点项目(Z109021202) |
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| Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat planted in the croplands with straw returning |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer on wheat yield and water use efficiency so as to increase the production and efficiency of winter wheat in Guanzhong Area.【Method】Winter wheat named “Xinong 979” was used as the test material to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat planted in croplands with straw returning.The field experiments included 6 treatments:straw returning+N 0 kg/hm2(S+N0),straw returning + N 87.5 kg/hm2(S+N87.5),straw returning + N 175 kg/hm2(S+N175),straw returning+N 262.5 kg/hm2(S+N262.5),straw returning+N 350 kg/hm2(S+N350)and N 175 kg/hm2(N175).【Result】Under the same nitrogen rate (175 kg/hm2),effective panicle number,grains per spike,1000-grain weight and yield were 390 000/hm2,1.57,2.11 g and 1 200 kg/hm2 bigger than the treatment without straw returning,respectively.The treatment of S+N262.5 had the highest winter wheat yield and water use efficiency,the highest values were 8 415 kg/hm2,and 20.9 kg/(hm22·mm),respectively.Water use efficiencies of the treatments with nitrogen were higher than that without nitrogen.With same amount of nitrogen used,water use of fields with straw returning was reduced by 19.00 mm compare to that without straw returning.【Conclusion】Straw returning can increase yield of wheat and improve water use efficency.The nitrogen amount should be controlled at 175-262.5 kg/hm2 in Guangzhong area when maize straw is returned to the cropland for winter wheat. |
| Key words: maize straw returning grain yield winter wheat water use efficiency |
