| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究冬小麦冬春季抗寒生理，探讨冬季抗冻性与春季抗寒性的关系。【方法】选择黄淮麦区推广面积较大的陕229、皖麦38、淮麦20、小偃22、西农979、陕麦139、郑麦366、周麦18等8个小麦品种，在越冬期、拔节期自然低温及药隔期人工低温胁迫处理条件下，测定小麦叶片丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、可溶性糖（WSS）、脯氨酸（Pro）和可溶性蛋白（Pr）等抗寒生理指标，结合表型分析各品种的抗寒性。【结果】在越冬期，冬性小麦陕229和半冬性小麦皖麦38、淮麦20的Pro、WSS含量及SOD活性较高，MDA含量较低，其冬季抗冻性表现最好，弱春性小麦小偃22则表现相反，其余品种的上述各生理指标表现介于以上两者之间，且冬季抗冻性以西农979、陕麦139、郑麦366优于周麦18和小偃22。在拔节期，陕229、皖麦38、淮麦20、西农979的MDA含量低，SOD活性和WSS含量高，拔节早期Pro含量高，其春季抗寒性表现较好；在拔节期自然降温及药隔期低温处理条件下，郑麦366、陕麦139的SOD活性均较低，且抗倒春寒能力较差，推测SOD活性可以作为小麦抗倒春寒能力的鉴别指标。小偃22在各阶段的SOD活性及WSS含量均较低，在药隔期前后Pro含量最高，而周麦18在雌雄分化期自然降温后的Pro含量高于其他品种，这可能是二者拔节期抗寒性好于郑麦366、陕麦139的潜在原因。【结论】小麦品种春季抗寒性与冬季抗冻性表现不一致，说明小麦越冬期抗寒性与拔节期抗寒性的生理机理存在差异，春季抗寒性可能是在各生理调节物质的协同调控下进行的。 |
| 关键词: 黄淮麦区 冬小麦 冬季抗冻性 春季抗寒性 抗寒生理 |
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| 基金项目:农业部小麦新品种培育专项(2008ZX08002003)；高校基本科研业务费项目(QN2011083)；国家“863”计划项目(2011AA100501) |
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| Cold resistant physiology of some main wheat varieties at wintering and jointing stages in Huanghuai area |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】In order to explore the relationship between frost-resistance in winter and cold-resistance in spring of wheat varieties,studies on cold resistant physiology in winter and spring were conducted.【Method】Several cold resistant physiological indexes of eight winter wheat cultivars widely planted in Huanghuai wheat production zone(Shaan 229,Wanmai 38,Huaimai 20,Xiaoyan 22,Xinong 979,Shaanmai 139,Zhengmai 366,and Zhoumai 18)in wintering and different jointing stages at natural low temperature were measured.Physiological indexes of all varieties in the anther separation stage at artificial low temperature were measured as well.The cold resistances of these wheat varieties were analyzed based on the measured indexes combined with phenotypes.【Result】In wintering stage,proline(Pro)contents,soluble sugar(WSS)contents and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities of winterness Shaan 229,and semi-winter Wanmai 38 and Huaimai 20 were high while malondialdehyde(MDA)contents of them were low.Their frost resistances were the best.Springness Xiaoyan 22 had opposite performance and indexes of other cultivars were within the range of those two types.Shaan 229,Wanmai 38,and Huaimai 20 had the highest frost resistances followed by semi-winter cultivars Xinong 979,Shaanmai 139 and Zhengmai 366,and semi-winter Zhoumai 18,while and springness Xiaoyan 22 had the lowest.In jointing stage,WSS content,s SOD activities of Shaan 229,Wanmai 38,Huaimai 20,and Xinong 979 were high,and their Pro contents were high also in early jointing stage while MDA contents were low compared to other cultivars,indicating better cold-resistance in spring.SOD activities,WSS contents of Shaanmai 139 and Zhengmai 366 were lower in both natural and artificial low temperatures,and their abilities of cold resistances in spring were poor.It could be speculated that SOD activity was an indicator for cold resistances of wheat species in spring.Although SOD activities and WSS contents of Xiaoyan 22 were low,its Pro contents were the highest before and after the anther separation stage.Pro contents of Zhoumai 18 were higher than that of other cultivars in floret initiation after natural temperature decrease.This could explain that the cold-resistances in spring of Xiaoyan 22 and Zhoumai 18 were better than that of Shaanmai 139 and Zhengmai 366.【Conclusion】Frost resistance in winter and cold resistance in spring of different wheat varieties were inconsistent,which indicated that there were differences in physiological mechanism of cold hardiness between wintering and jointing stages,and cold resistance in spring may be synergically regulated by different physiological materials. |
| Key words: Huanghuai wheat production area winter wheat freeze resistance cold tolerance in spring cold resistant physiology |
