| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同饲养条件下成年公梅花鹿的行为差异。【方法】于2006-04-10及2007-03-10，以江苏省扬州市瘦西湖景区平山堂鹿场圈养的15只成年公梅花鹿和扬州市动物园半散放的13只成年公梅花鹿为研究对象，采用瞬间扫描取样法对其取食、卧息、观望、反刍、移动、修饰、其他行为进行观察，每周观察4 d，对收集的数据以60 min为单位合并归为一组后进行统计分析，研究2种饲养条件下成年公梅花鹿昼间行为节律。【结果】2种饲养条件梅花鹿群体昼间取食、卧息、观望、反刍、移动、修饰等行为频次所占比例依次减少，其取食、卧息和观望行为频次占昼间行为的80％以上。昼间圈养条件下，梅花鹿有2个取食行为高峰(07:30-08:30，16:30-17:30)，而反刍行为高峰发生在13:30左右，卧息行为主要发生在11:30-13:30，观望行为主要发生在13:30-16:30。半散放条件下，梅花鹿取食行为也有2个高峰(08:30-09:30，16:30-17:30)，反刍行为主要发生在07:30-08:30，卧息行为主要发生在11:30-13:30，观望行为主要发生在07:30-09:30和15:30-16:30。对2种饲养条件下梅花鹿昼间行为节律分析表明，除07:30-08:30圈养梅花鹿取食行为频次显著高于半散放梅花鹿外，半散放公鹿取食行为频次在08:30-09:30，12:30-13:30，13:30-14:30，15:30-16:30这4个时段均显著或极显著高于圈养梅花鹿；2种饲养条件下梅花鹿反刍行为频次除08:30-10:30不存在显著差异外，另外的07:30-08:30，10:30-11:30，11:30-12:30，12:30-13:30，13:30-14:30，14:30-15:30，15:30-16:30，16:30-17:30共8个时段都存在显著或极显著差异；2种饲养方式梅花鹿卧息行为频次在08:30-09:30存在极显著差异，在13:30-14:30，14:30-15:30 的2个时段存在显著差异；圈养梅花鹿观望行为频次在10:30-11:30，12:30-13:30，13:30-14:30，14:30-15:30，15:30-16:30共5个时段显著或极显著高于半散放梅花鹿。2种饲养方式下梅花鹿移动行为频次在08:30-09:30，09:30-10:30，16:30-17:30存在显著或极显著差异，修饰行为频次在12:30-13:30存在极显著差异。【结论】不同饲养条件下，成年公梅花鹿昼间行为存在明显差异，饲养环境不同是造成梅花鹿行为差异的主要原因。 |
| 关键词: 梅花鹿 行为节律 圈养 半散放 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31001027) |
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| Research of activity rhythm under different feeding conditions with mature male sika deer |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The aim of this study was to detect the behavior rhythm,and to establish the behavior difference on the mature male sika deer under different feeding conditions.【Method】This study was performed on Ping-Shan-Tang farm (n=15 mature male deer) and in Zhu-Yu-Wan Park (n=13),Yangzhou,Jiangsu province.Scan sampling methods were employed to observe the activity rhythm of male sika deer from April to October,2006,and again from March to October,2007.The behavior of eating, relaxing,observing,ruminating,moving,grooming and others were observed.Four days were spent on the observation every week.The observed data were summarized as one group with 60 min to detect the behavior rhythm under two different conditions.【Results】The results showed that the frequency of eating,relaxing,observing,ruminating,moving and grooming behavior were decreased by turns.The percent of eating, relaxing and observing was more than 80% in all of records.There were two peaks of eating time (07:30-08:30,16:30-17:30) during the day and ruminating peak time occurred on the farm at 13:30.The relaxing and observing behaviors occurred at 11:30-13:30 and 13:30-16:30 respectively.The semi-household sika deer eating behavior had two peak phases (08:30-09:30,16:30-17:30),too.The behavior of ruminating,relaxing and observing mainly occurred at 07:30-08:30,11:30-13:30,07:30-09:30 and 15:30-17:30.Data were subject to evaluate the behavior of difference between two feeding conditions.The significant difference among mature male sika deer was detected with eating behavior with four phases (08:30-09:30,12:30-13:30,13:30-14:30,15:30-16:30).The farm sika deer showed highly significant difference from 07:30-08:30 than in park,showing highly significant difference with ruminating behavior in eight phases (07:30-08:30,10:30-11:30,11:30-12:30,12:30-13:30,13:30-14:30,14:30-15:30,15:30-16:30,16:30-17:30) except 08:30-10:30. Three phases of significant or highly significant difference with relaxing behavior were found in the periods of 08:30-09:30,13:30-14:30 and 14:30-15:30,and five phases (10:30-11:30,12:30-13:30,13:30-14:30,14:30-15:30,15:30-16:30) were introduced with the behavior of observing.The moving behavior with two feeding conditions was found,and three phases showed significant or highly significant difference (08:30-09:30,09:30-10:30,16:30-17:30) and one phase time showed highly significant difference with grooming behavior (12:30-13:30).【Conclusion】The study indicated that there were great differences between two conditions with mature male sika deer and conclusions result in the feeding environments. |
| Key words: sika deer activity rhythm captive semi-household |
