| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同树木枯落叶对连作麦田土壤性质的影响，为防治麦田土壤性质极化和连作障碍提供依据。【方法】采集黄土残塬区典型连作麦田耕层（0～10 cm）土壤，将其与不同森林树种（刺槐、小叶杨、辽东栎、沙棘和柠条）和城市道路绿化树种（法国梧桐、国槐、银杏、垂柳、五角枫、女贞、紫叶李、栾树、广玉兰、梧桐、泡桐、杜仲和七叶树）的当年枯落叶按干质量比100∶2混合后，在20～25 ℃下进行室内分解培养试验，连续培养120 d后，测定土壤的化学性质和生物学性质。【结果】1）连作麦田会引起土壤有效Zn、有机C含量增加和土壤微生物数量、多种酶活性不断提高的正向极化，但也同时引起土壤向贫养化发展、土壤有效Fe和有效Cu含量降低、阳离子交换量（CEC）减少及土壤部分酶活性降低的负向极化趋势；2）根据对连作麦田土壤极化的综合影响效应分析，枯落叶最适合施入麦田土壤的当地森林树种是沙棘、小叶杨，其次是刺槐，而柠条、辽东栎不适宜；枯落叶最适合施入麦田土壤的当地城市道路绿化树种是杜仲、紫叶李，其次是栾树、国槐、垂柳、泡桐，而女贞、法国梧桐、银杏、梧桐、七叶树、玉兰和五角枫均不适宜。【结论】收集一些特定树种的枯落叶施入农田土壤，是防治连作土壤性质极化和连作障碍的一种有效方法。 |
| 关键词: 农田连作 土壤极化 树木枯落叶 |
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| 基金项目:陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目（2009JM3014）；国家自然科学基金项目(31070630) |
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| Effects of applying tree leaf litter on control of soil polarization of continuous cropping wheat land in the Gullied Loess Plateau |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The study was about the effects of different leaf litters on continuous cropping soil of wheat which can provide scientific basis for controlling soil polarizations and continuous cropping obstacle.【Method】Through sampling top soil（0-10 cm）of typical wheat land in the gullied Loess Plateau,mixed with different leaf litters of forest trees（Robinia pseudoacia,Populus simonii,Quercus liaotungensis,Hippophae rhamnoides,Caragana microphylla） and urban road trees（Platanus hispanica,Sophora japonica,Ginkgo biloba,Salix babylonica,Acermono maxim,Ligustrun lucidum,Prunus cerasifera,Koelreteria interifolia,Magnolia grandiflora,Firmiana simplex,Paulownia fortunei,Cortex eucommiae,Aesculus parviflora）in dry mass ratio of 100∶2,incubation of mixed decomposition was carried out for 120 d at 20-25 ℃ in laboratory and the soil characters were determined.【Result】1）The continuous cropping of wheat can cause positive soil polarization,increasing contents of available Zn and organic C,improving microbe and many enzyme activities,however,it can cause negative polarization that decreases contents of nutrients,available Fe and available Cu,CEC and a few enzyme activities.2) According to the comprehensive effects of controlling soil polarization by fertilizing different leaf litters,the priority order of forest trees is as follows:H.rhamnoides,P.simonii are the best,R.pseudoacia is second,but C.microphylla,Q.liaotungensis are not suitable;the priority order of urban road trees is as follows:C.eucommiae,P.cerasifera are the best,K.interifolia,S.japonica,S.babylonica,P.fortunei are second,but L.lucidum,P.hispanica,G.biloba,F.simplex,A.parviflora,M.grandiflora,A.maxim are not suitable.【Conclusion】Gathering redundant or wasted leaf litter of certain trees and fertilizing into soil of farmland is an effective method to control soil polarizations and continuous cropping obstacle. |
| Key words: continuous cropping soil polarization leaf litter of trees |
