| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析渭北黄土高原主栽苹果品种与“富士”的亲和性，为提高“富士”苹果品质，特别是改善其果形偏斜提供科学依据。【方法】以“红富士”苹果为试材，选择“秦冠”、“粉红女士”、“嘎拉”、“新红星”的花粉进行人工授粉，调查坐果率、果实种子数及有种子的心室数，并进行荧光显微压片，观察花粉萌发及生长动态。【结果】不同授粉品种对“红富士”苹果坐果率、果实平均种子数、有种子的心室数均有不同影响。其中“秦冠”、“嘎拉”授粉后坐果率较高，“粉红女士”授粉后坐果率最低；“秦冠”、“嘎拉”、“新红星”授粉的果实平均种子数和有种子的心室数均较高，分别为8.23，8.49，8.18个和4.84，4.77，4.72个，但彼此间差异不显著，“粉红女士”授粉平均种子数和有种子的心室数最少。荧光显微观察发现，4个品种的花粉均在授粉8 h开始萌发，24 h萌发量达到最大，48 h花粉管伸入花柱1/2处，72 h到达3/4处，但花粉管数量存在显著差异。授粉96 h时，“秦冠”、“新红星”花粉管穿过花柱的基部进入子房室，而“粉红女士”、“嘎拉”在授粉120 h时仅有极少数花粉管进入子房室。【结论】“秦冠”与“富士”的亲和性较强，“粉红女士”与“富士”的亲和性较弱。 |
| 关键词: 红富士 授粉品种 荧光显微观察 亲和性 |
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| 基金项目:国家现代农业技术体系项目(nycytx-08-01-03）；陕西省科技攻关项目（2010K01-04-1） |
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| Observation on the cross pollinated styles of Red Fuji apple by fluorescence microscopy and the compatibility analysis |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study was to find the compatibility between the Fuji and the main cultivars in the Loess Plateau in order to provide a scientific basis to improve the quality of Fuji apples.【Method】The cross pollinated styles of Red Fuji apple cultivar were used as materials to observe the fruit setting rate,the mean seed numbers and the seed distribution in fruits;the pollen germination and pollen tube growth under fluorescence microscopy observation were also studied.【Result】The results showed that the differences in the fruit setting rate,the mean seed numbers and distribution of four pollination varieties by the artificial pollination,such as the fruit setting of Qinguan and Gala pollination were higher,the Pink Lady was the lowest among four varieties;the mean seed numbers and ventricular numbers of Qinguan,Gala and Starkrimson pollination were higher,which were 8.23,8.49,8.18 and 4.84,4.77,4.72,but there were no obvious differences.Pink Lady pollination was also the least among all.By fluorescence microscopy,the pollen began to germinate 8 h after pollination,the pollen germination reached the maximum at 24 h;the pollen tube extended into 1/2 of style at 48 h,and reached the 3/4 style at 72 h,but obvious difference existed in the number of pollen tubes of four pollination varieties.The pollen tube of Qinguan and Starkrimson passed through to the base of style at 96 h and entered the ovary;but Pink Lady and Gala only had a few pollen tubes which could enter the ovary at 120 h.【Conclusion】This study proved that better compatibility between Qinguan and Fuji,but weaker compatibility between Pink Lady and Fuji. |
| Key words: Red Fuji Apple pollination variety fluorescence microscopy compatibility |
