| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨温度、营养对寄生金纹细蛾的丝角姬小蜂、茶细蛾绒茧蜂发育和寿命的影响。【方法】于相对湿度（70±5）%、光照14/10（L/D）条件的人工气候箱中，在10，15，20，25 ℃的温度条件和混合糖液（V（300 g/L葡萄糖）∶V（300 g/L果糖）∶V（300 g/L蔗糖）= 1∶1∶1）、10%蜂蜜水、5%蜂蜜水、清水的营养条件下，研究温度对丝角姬小蜂、茶细蛾绒茧蜂发育、羽化以及温度、营养对丝角姬小蜂、茶细蛾绒茧蜂成虫寿命的影响。【结果】丝角姬小蜂蛹期随温度的降低而延长，温度在15 ℃以上时，茶细蛾绒茧蜂蛹历期在30 d以下；温度低于15 ℃时，其对茶细蛾绒茧蜂蛹的发育有抑制作用。不同温度条件下，丝角姬小蜂、茶细蛾绒茧蜂的羽化率均表现为25 ℃>20 ℃>15 ℃>10 ℃，在25 ℃时丝角姬小蜂的羽化率达到（93.33±3.33）%，温度低于15 ℃时其羽化率低于50%；低温能延缓茧的发育，但不会导致茶细蛾绒茧蜂在蛹期死亡。不同温度条件下，丝角姬小蜂、茶细蛾绒茧蜂成虫寿命长短均依次表现为10 ℃＞15 ℃＞20 ℃＞25 ℃；不同营养条件下，2种蜂成虫寿命均表现为混合糖液＞10%蜂蜜水＞5%蜂蜜水＞清水；温度和营养对丝角姬小蜂寿命的影响未表现出交互作用，而对茶细蛾绒茧蜂寿命的影响存在交互作用。【结论】金纹细蛾天敌丝角姬小蜂、茶细蛾绒茧蜂的发育、羽化随温度变化呈现一定的规律性，但不存在线性相关性；其寿命与温度、营养关系密切，在10 ℃下饲喂葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖混合糖液有利于延长2种蜂的寿命。 |
| 关键词: 温度 营养 丝角姬小蜂 茶细蛾绒茧蜂 发育 寿命 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:陕西省农业攻关项目（2008K01-04）；世界银行资助项目（Y/SHYL/XY/050） |
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| Influences of temperature and nutrition on the development and longevity of Sympiesis soriceicornis and Apanteles theivorae |
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ZHANG Jinyu, LI Xin, JIANG Chao,et al
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Key Laboratory of Applied Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A＆F University
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The aim of this experiment was to explore influences of temperature and nutrition on the development and longevity of Sympiesis soriceicornis and Apanteles theivorae.【Method】The larvae of S.soriceicornis and A.theivorae were reared at various temperatures (10,15,20,25 ℃),and the effects on the development and eclosion were studied.The adults of S.soriceicornis and A.theivorae were reared at different temperatures (10,15,20,25 ℃) and nutrition conditions (glucose,fructose and sucrose blends 300 g/L each;10% honey solution;5% honey solution;water) to investigate influences on longevity of these two kinds of insects.All experiments were conducted in chamber under the condition of （70±5）% RH and 14/10(L/D).【Result】The duration of pupae of S.soriceicornis extended as the temperature fell.If the temperature was higher than 15 ℃,the duration of pupae of A.theivorae was shorter than 30 d.When the temperature was lower than 15 ℃,it was not good for the development of A.theivorae.The eclosion rate of S.soriceicornis and A.theivorae at different temperatures was 25 ℃>20 ℃>15 ℃>10 ℃.The eclosion rate of S.soriceicornis was （93.33±3.33）% at 25 ℃.If the temperature was lower than 15 ℃,the eclosion rate could not go beyond 50%.As for A.theivorae,the eclosion rate was higher than 50% at all temperature regimes.Low temperature could postpone the development of the pupae of A.theivorae.The longevity of S.soriceicornis and A.theivorae at different temperatures was 10 ℃＞15 ℃＞20 ℃＞25 ℃.On different nutrition conditions,the longevity of S.soriceicornis and A.theivorae was blends＞10% honey solution＞5% honey solution＞water.There was interaction effect between temperature and nutrition condition on the longevity of A.theivorae,but none was found on S.soriceicornis.【Conclusion】Regulation can be found between temperature and the development and eclosion of A.theivorae and S.soriceicornis.Temperatures and nutrition conditions play important roles in the longevity of S.soriceicornis and A.theivorae.Feeding A.theivorae and S.soriceicornis glucose,fructose and sucrose blends can extend their lives greatly at 10 ℃. |
| Key words: Temperature nutrition condition Sympiesis soriceicornis Apanteles theivorae development longevity |
