| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究经硫酸亚铁和高温脱毒处理后的棉粕，以不同比例替代豆粕时对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长、体内组织游离棉酚含量、体组成及血清转氨酶活性的影响。【方法】采用硫酸亚铁和高温2种方法对棉粕进行脱毒处理，以未处理及脱毒处理后的棉粕分别替代对照饲料中1/3和2/3豆粕，共配制7组等氮、等能的饲料，饲养尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼（初始体质量（7.27±0.25） g）70 d，测定体质量增长率、饲料系数、鱼体营养成分、体内组织游离棉酚含量和血清转氨酶活性等指标。【结果】各组尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼的体质量增长率、特定生长率、成活率及鱼体粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均无显著差异（P>0.05），未经脱毒处理棉粕替代2/3豆粕组的饲料系数显著高于其他组（P<0.05）；各试验组鱼体的肝体比均较对照组显著升高（P<0.05），各组脏体比之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。未处理棉粕组肝脏游离棉酚含量显著高于其他组（P<0.05），经硫酸亚铁或高温处理后游离棉酚含量均显著降低（P<0.05）；未处理棉粕组肌肉中的游离棉酚含量与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05），且脱毒处理替代2/3豆粕组肌肉游离棉酚含量较未处理棉粕替代2/3组分别降低了70.27%，82.43%（P<0.05）。未处理棉粕组鱼体血清中谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性显著高于脱毒处理组（P<0.05）。【结论】在本试验周期内，饲料中棉粕替代豆粕量不超过2/3时，并不影响尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼的生长性能；替代量为2/3时，会降低尼罗罗非鱼对饲料的利用效率。饲料棉酚对鱼体肝脏和肌肉游离棉酚含量以及血清转氨酶活性有显著影响，可引起肝功能异常。利用硫酸亚铁和高温2种方法处理棉粕后，可以有效降低游离棉酚在饲料和体内的含量，提高棉粕的利用率，降低游离棉酚对肝脏的损伤程度。 |
| 关键词: 棉粕 脱毒方法 尼罗罗非鱼 生长性能 游离棉酚 |
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| 基金项目:中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（2009jbfb28）；2010年公益性行业（农业）科研专项(201003020）；2007 年公益性行业(农业)科研专项(nyhyzx07-044)；农业部罗非鱼现代产业技术体系建设项目（nycytx-48-9） |
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| Effect of detoxification cottonseed on growth performance, body composition and serum aminotransferase activities of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】A feeding trial was conducted to study detoxification treated cottonseed meal to replace soybean meal on the contents of gossypol in diets,and growth performance,body composition,aminotransferase activities of Nile tilapia fingerlings. 【Method】The cottonseed meal used in this experiment was treated with ferrous sulfate and heated for detoxification of gossypol,then was used to replace 1/3,2/3 soybean meal.Seven isonitrogenous(protein) and isoenergetic diets were formulated.Each experimental diet was fed to triplicate groups of 30 Nile tilapia juveniles (initial body weight (7.27±0.25) g) in 400 L aquaria for 10 weeks.【Result】The result showed that no significant differences were observed in weight gain rate(WGR), specific growth rate(SGR),and survival rate (SR) among dietary treatments(P>0.05).Detoxification treatments had no significant effects on protein and lipid contents,while,the ash content of untreated group was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05),the ash content of detoxification treated group was similar with the control group(P>0.05).Detoxification treatment markedly reduced the free gossypol contents of liver and kidney(P<0.05). Aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase activities of untreated group were significantly higher than detoxification treated and control groups(P<0.05),which showed that the free gossypol content of cottonseed meal can result in the abnormity of liver function.【Conclusion】Excessive cotton meal less than 2/3 in diets would reduce the feed efficiency and the free gossypol content of cottonseed meal had significant effect on liver function,the detoxification treatment was beneficial to reduce the content of free gossypol. |
| Key words: cottonseed meal detoxification method Oreochromis niloticus growth performance free gossypol |
