| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究陕西不同历史时期育成小麦品种的遗传多样性，为进一步的小麦种质创新和新品种培育提供理论依据。【方法】利用33对SSR引物,对31份陕西不同历史时期育成的有代表性的小麦品种进行微卫星标记位点扫描及遗传多样性分析。【结果】共检测到138个等位基因变异，变化范围为2～13个，平均每个位点检测到的等位基因为4.18个；位点多态性信息指数（PIC）变幅为0.110～0.827，平均为0.481。3个基因组的平均等位变异丰富度为D>B>A，平均遗传多样性指数则为D>A>B。7个部分同源群的平均等位变异丰富度为1＞5＝7＞3＞2＞6＞4，平均遗传多样性指数为6＞3＞5＞2＞7＞1＞4。20世纪90年代育成小麦品种的平均遗传相似系数最高。在遗传相似系数(GS)0.55处，聚类分析可将供试的31份小麦品种聚为2大类，其中27个品种均被聚在第Ⅱ类，第Ⅱ类在遗传相似系数0.65处又分为5个亚类。【结论】陕西大部分小麦品种的遗传差异较小，近年来育成品种的遗传多样性有下降的趋势。 |
| 关键词: 陕西 小麦品种 遗传多样性 演变 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:西北农林科技大学青年学术骨干支持计划项目（01140307）；陕西省科技攻关项目（2009K02-05）；西北农林科技大学唐仲英育种专项（2009-29） |
|
| Evolution of genetic diversity of the wheat varieties grown at Shaanxi |
|
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The study was to research the genetic diversity of the wheat varieties bred in different historical periods of Shaanxi province.【Method】31 wheat varieties were investigated by 33 SSR markers.【Result】Totally 138 alleles were revealed among 31 cultivars,2-13 alleles could be detected at different SSR locus,with the average of 4.18 alleles per SSR marker.The range of PIC was 0.110-0.827,with the average of 0.481.In the three genomes of wheat,the average genetic richness was D＞B＞A,and the genetic diversity index was D＞A＞B.Comparing the genetic diversity among 7 homoeologous,the average genetic richness was 1＞5＝7＞3＞2＞6＞4,and the genetic diversity indexes was 6＞3＞5＞2＞7＞1＞4.1990s had the maximum genetic similarity coefficient in different decades.In the genetic similarity coefficient (GS) 0.55 area,all the cultivars could be clustered into two categories,of which 27 species were gathered in the second class.【Conclusion】The genetic diversity of Shaanxi wheat varieties is poor and goes downward too. |
| Key words: Shaanxi wheat variety genetic diversity historical evolution |
