| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究早熟桃品种“华光”种胚退化过程中形态指标、内源激素(GA3,IAA,6-BA)含量的变化情况，为探索胚退化机理及早熟桃的胚挽救育种提供理论依据。【方法】以早熟桃品种“华光”为试材,“曙光”为对照，从幼果期至后熟期，观测种胚的形态指标和内源激素水平的变化。【结果】“华光”、“曙光”的种胚鲜、干质量，纵、横径及胚性指数均随果实发育呈增长趋势，“华光”上述指标在花后65 d达到最大值后迅速下降，同时出现种胚退化现象，而“曙光”上述指标仍呈小幅上升趋势；6-BA在2个桃品种种胚发育初期含量最高，花后45 d降到最低，到硬核期后达到次峰值，随后下降，其中“华光”在花后65 d出现第3个小高峰；2个桃品种GA3和IAA含量的变化趋势相似，随着种胚的发育，其含量均先上升后下降，在硬核期达到最高，其中“华光”在花后65 d后快速下降。【结论】“华光”种胚在花后65 d后外观形态指标呈下降趋势，种胚开始退化，应选择此时进行“华光”的胚培养；“华光”种胚中6-BA含量第3峰值出现时间与种胚退化时期一致，GA3和IAA含量快速下降时其种胚开始退化，因此在“华光”桃后期胚培养时应适当增加外源激素含量，以提高胚萌芽率。 |
| 关键词: 早熟桃 胚退化 形态指标 激素 |
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| 基金项目:陕西省科技攻关项目（2008K01-11） |
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| Factors on the seed embryos’ degradation of early-ripening peach (Prunus persica L.) |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The study was to research the changes of morphological index and endogenous hormone level of “Huaguang” during the development of seed embryos,to find the mechanism of embryos’degradation and adopt corresponding countermeasures for breeding.【Method】The experiment was conducted with “Huaguang” and “Shuguang” to study different factors:morphological index and endogenous hormone level from the young fruit period to post ripening period.【Result】The results showed that with the development of peach,the embryos’ fresh weight,dry weight,vertical diameter,transverse diameter and index increased.But when all the indexs reached the top 65 days post anthesis,they decreased with the phenomenon of embryos’ degradation on “Huaguang”.Endogenous hormones had a close relationship with the development of seed embryos,6-BA reached a top level at the beginning,another top at the stone hardening stage,then decreased,while “Huaguang” reached the third top 65 days post anthesis;GA3 and IAA had similar variation tendency.With the development of seed embryos,they increased at the early time,then decreased and reached top level at the stone hardening stage,however,“Huaguang” decreased more quickly than “Shuguang” 65 days post anthesis.【Conclusion】Therefore,all the indexs of morphological index decreased 65 days post anthesis, with the phenomenon of embryos’ degradation on “Huaguang”,we proposed to take this period as the best embryo culture’ period of “Huaguang”;The third peak of 6-BA in the embryos of “Huaguang” was consistent with the period of embryos’ degradation,as well as the rapid decrease of GA3 and IAA,we suggested to take proper increase of exogenous hormone to improve the ratio of embryo’ germination on the later period of “Huaguang”. |
| Key words: Early-ripening peach embryos’ degradation morphological index endogenous hormone |
