| 摘要: |
| 【目的】利用纳米技术，将黄皮酰胺(Clausenamide)制备成纳米微乳剂，增强其在使用环境中的稳定性，延长药效并提高其生物活性和防治效率。【方法】使用界面聚合法制备黄皮酰胺纳米微乳剂（NMEC），用zeta激光粒度分析仪和透射电镜（TEM）对纳米颗粒的粒径及形态进行测试和表征观察，在紫外灯下进行光降解测试，并用NMEC对爪哇根结线虫进行室内杀线活性测定和盆栽防效试验。【结果】制备的NMEC的等效粒径为（124.4±5.5）nm，包封率达到(95.17±1.42)%，4和6 h光降解率分别较黄皮酰胺丙酮溶液低18.52%和14.32%。NMEC对爪哇根结线虫的卵和2龄幼虫表现出良好的生物活性,100 mg/L NMEC处理卵的孵化率显著低于对照药剂（常规黄皮酰胺、灭线磷和克线磷）处理；在48 h时，200和400 mg/L NMEC处理2龄幼虫的死亡率分别为90.67%和99.33%，显著高于同质量浓度对照药剂处理，并且200 mg/L NMEC的杀线活性显著高于400 mg/L对照药剂处理。在盆栽试验中，NMEC处理空心菜的鲜质量显著高于清水对照和对照药剂处理；在药剂质量浓度为100 mg/L时，NMEC处理的根结数和根结指数分别为17.67和2.91，均低于或显著低于对照药剂处理；在药剂质量浓度为200 mg/L时，NMEC处理的根结数和根结指数分别为8.91和1.75，与质量浓度400 mg/L对照药剂处理间无显著差异。【结论】NMEC对爪哇根结线虫具有良好的杀线活性和防治效果，应用和开发前景广阔。 |
| 关键词: 黄皮酰胺 杀线剂 纳米微乳剂 结构表征 杀线活性 爪哇根结线虫 |
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| 基金项目:国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项（nyhyzx07-029）；国家香蕉产业技术体系项目（nycytx-33） |
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| Study on nano microemulsion of clausenamide and the nematicidal efficacy against the root knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】In this study,nano microemulsion of clausenamide (NMEC) was prepared by nanotechnology to improve the properties of clausenamide formulation in stability in the environment,efficiency time,and bioactivity against Meloidogyne javanica.【Method】NMEC was prepared by using the method of interfacial polymerization (IP).The characterization of NMEC was investigated by Laser particle size analyzer and TEM.The photodegradation of NMEC was tested under the UV lamp.Nematicial efficacy of NMEC against M.javanica was evalutated by bioassay experiments in room and pot experiments in greenhouse.【Result】Average diameter of suspended particles of NMEC was (124.4±5.5) nm,the incorporation efficiency of nanoparticles to clausenamide was (95.17±1.42)%.As compared with clausenamide acetone solution,the clausenamide degradation of NMEC by UV light exposure was decreased by 18.52% and 14.32% for 4 h and 6 h treatment respectively.NMEC showed high nematicidal activity against eggs and second stage juvenile(J2) of M.javanica,the hatching rate of eggs exposured by NMEC at concentration of 100 mg/L was decreased significantly,in contrast to control nematicides (Conventional clausenamide,Ethoprophos and Fenamiphos).For 48 h,the mortality of J2 exposured by NMEC at the concentration of 200 and 400 mg/L was 90.67% and 99.33%,significantly higher than that of J2 exposured by control nematicides at same concentration,and mortality of J2 exposured by NMEC at concentration of 200 mg/L was significantly higher than that of J2 exposured by control nematicides at concentration of 400 mg/L.In pot experiments,the fresh weight of water spinach exposured by NMEC was significantly greater than that of water spinach exposured by control treatment.The number of galls and galling index of plants exposured by NMEC at concentration of 100 mg/L was 17.67 and 2.91,smaller than that of plants exposured by control nematicides.At concentration of 200 mg/L,the number of galls and galling index of plants exposured by NMEC was 8.91 and 1.75,no significant difference with that of plants exposured by 400 mg/L other nematicides.【Conclusion】 As a novel nematicide formulation,NMEC’s good performance in bioactivity against M.javanica showed that NMEC has potential in application and development. |
| Key words: clausenamide nematicide nano microemulsion structure characterization nematicidal activity Meloidogyne javanica |
