| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析我国地方鸡品种资源的遗传多样性保护等级，为我国地方鸡种资源遗传多样性保护方案的制定提供理论依据。【方法】采用16个微卫星标记，计算我国12个地方鸡品种（白耳鸡、茶花鸡、大骨鸡、河南斗鸡、丝羽乌骨鸡、固始鸡、狼山鸡、鹿苑鸡、藏鸡、仙居鸡、萧山鸡、北京油鸡）间的DR遗传距离、基因流（Nm）、杂合度和各群体基因组分数的分布，并采用Weitzman和Caballero 2种遗传多样性保护理论，分析各品种在遗传多样性最大化保护中的相对重要性。【结果】 固始鸡与其他11个鸡种间的平均遗传距离最远（0.209 5），基因流最小（1.141 1）；藏鸡与其他11个鸡种间的平均遗传距离最近（0.101 3），基因流最大（2.773 0）。12个地方鸡种中，除萧山鸡、鹿苑鸡和藏鸡外，其他群体的基因组分数均大于0.800。Weitzman保种理论分析表明，固始鸡、河南斗鸡、茶花鸡、丝羽乌骨鸡、北京油鸡对总群现实多样性的品种贡献率较高（＞10%），这与这几个鸡品种独特的特征特性和相对封闭的品种形成历史基本一致。Caballero保种理论分析表明，茶花鸡、河南斗鸡、北京油鸡、丝羽乌骨鸡、大骨鸡、藏鸡和萧山鸡对总群的遗传多样性有正的贡献率，与Weitzman保护理论确定的保护等级顺序相比，固始鸡、藏鸡和萧山鸡的保护等级发生了较大改变，这与Weitzman保护理论未考虑品种内的遗传多样性有关。【结论】在分析家禽品种资源的遗传多样性保护等级时，应充分考虑品种间和品种内的遗传多样性。 |
| 关键词: 微卫星 地方鸡种 遗传多样性 保护等级 |
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| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目（2008BADB2B08）；江苏省高技术研究计划项目（BG2007323）；江苏省科技服务平台项目（BM2008170）；现代农业产业技术体系项目 |
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| Conservation priorities analysis of genetic diversity in twelve Chinese indigenous chicken breeds based on microsatellite markers |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The study was done to analyze conservation priorities of genetic diversity in Chinese indigenous chicken breeds,and to supply a theoretical basis for better conservation programs.【Method】The DR genetic distances,gene flows,heterozygosity and membership probabilities were measured by 16 microsatellite markers.Two conservation strategies,Weitzman method and Caballero method were used to assess the conservation priorities of twelve Chinese indigenous chicken breeds.【Result】GUS breeds had the farthest mean distance and the least gene flow with the other eleven breeds;TIB breeds had the nearest mean distance and the most gene flow with the other eleven breeds.The membership probabilities of analyzed breeds were more than eighty percent except for XIS,LUY and TIB.The Weitzman approach suggested that the most important breeds to be preserved were GUS,DOU,CHA,WUG,YOU,their contribution rate to extant diversity was more than nine percent.This was consistent with the unique characteristics and relatively closed breeding history of these chickens.The Caballero method suggested that CHA,DOU,YOU,WUG,DAG,TIB and XIS had positive contributions to diversity.The priority order of GUS,TIB and XIS changed significantly with that of Weitzman’s.The reason was that the Weitzman method did not take into account the within-population genetic diversity.【Conclusion】In the analysis of poultry genetic resources conservation levels,full consideration should be given to inter-populations genetic diversity and genetic diversity within populations. |
| Key words: microsatellite marker indigenous chicken breed genetic diversity conservation priority |
