| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究黄土高原一年一熟春玉米区不同耕作处理对农田土壤酶活性的影响。【方法】以春玉米品种“沈玉17”为供试作物，采取保护性耕作（NT）、传统耕作＋秸秆还田（TS）和传统耕作（CT）3种耕作模式栽培。第2年，分别于播种前（04-17）、拔节期（06-03）、抽雄期（07-16）和成熟期（09-15）用土钻取0～20 cm土样，测其过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、多酚氧化酶、蔗糖酶和纤维素酶活性，探索不同保护性耕作方式下土壤酶活性的动态变化规律。【结果】NT条件下，土壤过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均呈先上升后下降的变化趋势。TS条件下，土壤多酚氧化酶活性表现为先下降后上升的趋势，但上升时期出现较晚；土壤蔗糖酶活性表现为先上升后下降的变化趋势，在抽雄期最高；土壤纤维素酶活性在拔节期显著高于NT和CT耕作模式。3种耕作模式下，土壤脲酶活性均呈先升高后下降的趋势。可能由于受土壤水热状况和通气等因素影响，不同处理条件下不同土壤酶活性最高值出现的时期不同。【结论】保护性耕作有提高土壤酶活性的趋势。 |
| 关键词: 黄土高原 春玉米 保护性耕作 土壤酶活性 |
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| 基金项目:农业部先正达农业科教及农村发展项目“黄土高原春玉米保护性耕作技术体系及配套机具研究”；农业部公益性行业（农业）科研专项“北方主要作物抗旱节水综合技术研究与区域示范（200903007）” |
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| Dynamic changes of soil enzyme activities in spring maize area of Loess Plateau under different tillage practices |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The research was to study the effects of different farming modes on soil enzyme activities of spring maize area as one crop per year in Loess Plateau.【Method】No tillage (NT),conventional tillage＋straw returning and conventional tillage (CT) were used in the spring maize cultivar “Shenyu17”.Soil samples of 0-20 cm were drilled at the stage of sowing (04-17),jointing (06-03),tasselling (07-16) and dough (09-15),respectively.The Catalase,Urease,Phosphatase,Polyphenol Oxidase,Invertase and Cellulase activities were measured to study the dynamic changes of soil enzyme activities.【Result】Under NT cultivation:soil enzymes activities of Catalase and Phosphatase showed an upward trend between sowing and jointing stage,whereas a downward trend from jointing to dough stage.Under TS cultivation:Polyphenol Oxidase activities showed a downward trend before rising which appeared late.Invertase activities showed an upward and then a downward trend,the highest turned up at the tasselling stage.The soil Cellulase activities were significantly higher than those of NT and CT farming modes at jointing stage.There was a common tendency of the three different farming modes,first growing then declining,which was observed in the soil Urease activities;The peaks of enzyme activities were found in different stages,resulting from states of soil hydrothermal regime and ventilation.【Conclusion】The soil enzyme activities tend to increase under conservation tillage. |
| Key words: Loess Plateau spring maize conservation tillage soil enzyme activity |
