| 摘要: |
| 【目的】 利用甘蓝型油菜隐性上位互作细胞核雄性不育材料的杂种优势，阐明其雄性不育的机理。【方法】 以引进的油菜杂交种“皖油14”为材料，采用自交、姊妹交、测交的方法，对其后代进行选育；通过石蜡切片法，对选育得到的纯合两型系中的可育株1740B、不育株1740A及全不育系1740CA植株的雄蕊发育特点进行细胞学观察。【结果】 选育得到甘蓝型油菜隐性上位互作细胞核雄性不育材料的临保系1740C和纯合两型系1740AB。细胞学观察结果表明，可育株1740B的雄蕊发育正常，可形成成熟的花粉粒，花药发育过程主要包括孢原细胞时期、造孢细胞时期、花粉母细胞期、减数分裂期、单核花粉期、二核花粉期和三核花粉期；纯合不育株1740A的雄蕊败育发生在四分体后期，由于四分体周围的胼胝质不能解体和绒毡层细胞的径向肥大，使得四分体被挤向药室中央且原生质体浓厚，然后逐渐解体死亡，最后整个花粉囊萎缩变形；全不育系1740CA的花粉败育过程从小孢子时期到二核期均有发生，花粉细胞外只能形成极薄的一层花粉壁，绒毡层脱落并径向肥大，将花粉细胞挤向药室中央，花粉细胞质逐渐降解，细胞变形，最终变成一个无内容物的空壳。【结论】 利用“临保系”进行测交选育是从定性的角度来辨别遗传分离比例的差异；甘蓝型油菜隐性上位互作细胞核雄性不育材料中，纯合不育株与杂合不育株的雄蕊败育时期及特征存在差异。 |
| 关键词: 甘蓝型油菜 隐性上位互作细胞核雄性不育 临保系 纯合两型系 全不育系 花粉败育 细胞学 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家油菜产业化项目科学家岗位（nycytx-00505）;陕西省科技攻关项目(2007K01-05);西北农林科技大学青年科研骨干项目 |
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| Breeding of RGMS lines and investigation on their cytology in Brassica napus L. |
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LI Hui,HU Sheng-wu,LI Wei,YU Cheng-yu
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 The study was done to utilize the heterosis of the recessive epistatic interaction GMS (RGMS) in rapeseed breeding and to investigate its anther abortion mechanisms.【Method】 A Brassica napus L.hybrid “Wanyou 14” was employed as the primary material to breed the homozygous two-type line and temporary maintainer line via selfing, sib-mating, test-crossing;Paraffin section method was employed to investigate anther development in fertile plant 1740B,sterile plant 1740A in the homozygous two-type line 1740AB and all sterile line 1740CA,which were derived from the cross between 1740A and the temporary maintainer 1740C.【Result】 The temporary maintainer line 1740C and homozygous two-type line 1740AB were successfully developed.Cytological observation revealed that the anther development in fertile plant 1740B was normal and formed pollen.The anther development included typically following stages:archesporial cell stage,sporogenous cell stage, pollen mother cell stage,meiosis stage,uninuclear microspore stage,binuclear microspore stage and trinuclear microspore stage.In 1740A,the anther development was blocked at the tetrad stage.The callose around the tetrads did not break and the tetrads couldn’t be released from the callose.The tapetal cells were highly vacuolated and deformed,and they extruded the tetrads to the center anther.At last,the tetrads degenerated and the anther shrank.In 1740CA,pollen abnormal occurred from the microspore stage to the binuclear stage,and the sporopollenin-like deposits on the microspore surface was sparse.The tapetal cells in the sterile anther fell off,enlarged and extruded pollen cells to the center anther,the cytoplasm of pollen cells decayed gradually and at last became empty.【Conclusion】 We propose a breeding method based on test-crossing with temporary maintainer line and successfully developed the homozygous two-type line based on this method.There are some differences between homozygous male sterile plant and heterozygous male plant in their anther abnormality. |
| Key words: Brassica napus L. recessive epistasis interaction GMS temporary maintainer line homozygous two-type line all sterile line anther abortion cytology |
