| 摘要: |
| 【目的】 研究小麦和小黑麦籽粒中的矿质元素、蛋白质和植酸含量及其相关性，为提高小麦籽粒中微量元素的有效利用率提供科学依据。【方法】 选取不同小麦主产区的31种面包型小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）和6种小黑麦（Triticosecale Wittmack）品种，分析了籽粒中全磷、全钾、微量元素、蛋白质及抗营养因子植酸的含量及其相关性。【结果】 不同小麦品种间籽粒矿质元素、蛋白质和植酸含量均存在差异，其中锌、铁、植酸含量的变异较大，全磷、全钾以及蛋白质含量相对较稳定。小黑麦籽粒中微量元素含量不高，而植酸含量相对小麦品种而言较高。不同地区间各小麦和小黑麦品种籽粒中主要矿质元素含量较低且变异较大，新疆、青海等西北地区品种籽粒中植酸含量较高。所有供试品种籽粒中植酸与锌的物质的量之比均高于20；植酸与多种矿质元素含量呈显著正（或负）相关，且锌、铁含量间呈显著正相关。【结论】 供试小麦品种籽粒中微量元素含量较低且变异大，因此通过生物强化提高的潜力较大；目前栽种的小麦和小黑麦品种的植酸与锌的物质的量之比高于20，这影响了锌的生物有效性，亟需降低；不同地区间小麦和小黑麦籽粒中主要矿质元素及植酸含量存在显著差异，选育品种时应考虑地区因素；另外，籽粒中锌、铁含量呈显著正相关，表明二者含量可以同时被提高。 |
| 关键词: 小麦 小黑麦 籽粒营养品质 矿质元素 植酸 n（植酸）/n（Zn2+） |
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| 基金项目:教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目（NCET-06-0866）；西北农林科技大学青年学术骨干支持计划项目（2007）；西北农林科技大学科研专项（062R045） |
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| Variation of nutritional quality and their relationships in wheat and triticale grain |
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CAO Yu-xian,TIAN Xiao-hong,YANG Xi-wen,LU Xin-chun,NAN Xiong-xiong
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Investigation on variations of mineral elements,protein and phytic acid (PA) concentration and their relationships in wheat and triticale grain could provide a scientific basis for improving the effective utilization of microelements in wheat and triticale grains.【Method】 31 bread wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) and 6 triticale varieties (Triticosecale Wittmack) were collected from different major grain production regions of China,to evaluate the concentrations and relationships of some mineral elements,protein and PA.【Result】 Variation for microelements,protein and PA in wheat grain existed among different cultivars,in which large variation were among Zn,Fe and PA concentrations,and the total P,total K and protein in wheat grain were steady relatively.Concentrations of the microelements in triticale grain were low,but the concentrations of PA in triticale grain were higher compared with those of wheat grain.Large variations and low concentrations of major mineral elements existed in different regions,and the PA concentrations in Xinjiang and Qinghai provinces were high.The amount of substance of PA to Zn ratios in wheat and triticale grain of all tested cultivars were higher than 20.The correlations among PA and many mineral elements were positive or negative,and the correlation between Zn and Fe concentrations was positive.【Conclusion】 There was a low concentration and a large variation for microelements of tested cultivars,and the potential of increasing the concentration of microelements through biofortification was large.The amount of substance of PA to Zn ratios of all tested varieties were higher than 20,resulting in the low bioavailability of Zn,which should decrease instantly.In view of the significant variation for major mineral elements and PA concentrations of wheat and triticale grain existed in different regions,breeders should consider region factor.The correlation between Zn and Fe concentration was significant,so we can increase Zn and Fe concentrations in wheat grain at the same time. |
| Key words: Triticum aestivum L. Triticosecale Wittmack grain quality mineral element phytic acid n(PA)/n (Zn2+) |
