| 摘要: |
| 【目的】 探索适宜于陕西关中冬小麦－夏玉米一年两熟区采用的保护性耕作模式。【方法】 以传统耕作模式为对照，对7种不同耕作模式下农田土壤水分、养分含量及小麦、玉米的生物学效应进行分析。【结果】 在参试的各种土壤耕作模式中，夏玉米高留茬免耕播种优于低留茬免耕播种；小麦播种时采用的“冬小麦秸秆还田深松旋耕播种-夏玉米高留茬免耕播种”模式6最好，较传统耕作模式增产38.3%，纯收入增加42.7%；其次是“冬小麦深松旋耕播种-夏玉米高留茬免耕播种”模式3，较传统耕作模式增产20.6%，纯收入增加23.9%；免耕作业模式和旋耕作业模式，虽优于传统耕作模式，但效果均不理想。【结论】 “冬小麦秸秆还田深松旋耕播种-夏玉米高留茬免耕播种”耕作模式可显著改善土壤水、肥、气、热环境条件，促进粮食高产稳产，适宜在关中地区推广。 |
| 关键词: 一年两熟 耕作模式 农田效应 生物学效应 |
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| 基金项目:杨凌农业机械化新技术新机具试验项目（陕农机发［2000］064文件） |
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| Study on farmland soil and crop biological effect on different tillage methods in annual double cropripe area |
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XU Jia xin LIANG Yan
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 The study was done in order to find a suitable tillage method in Guanzhong annual double ripe crop(winter wheat/summer maize)area.【Method】 Compared with traditional tillage,farmland soil moisture and nutrients,wheat and maize biological effects of seven tillage methods were studied in this paper.【Result】 The results showed that among these methods,high standing stubble and no tillage seeding of summer maize was better than low standing stubble and no tillage seeding.Model 6 of “straw chopping,sub soiling and rotary” in winter wheat insemination and “high standing stubble and no tillage” seeding of summer maize was the best choice.Compared with traditional tillage,the yield increased by 38.3%and net income also increased by 42.7%.Model 3 of “sub soiling and rotary” was the second.The yield increased by 20.6% and net income increased by 23.9%.The tillage free and rotary tillage modes are better than traditional tillage,but they didn’t show desirable effect.【Conclusion】 “Straw chopping,sub-soiling and rotary tillage” in wheat insemination,and “high standing stubble and no tillage” seeding of summer maize could greatly improve farmland’s environmental condition of water,fertilizer and air,keep high and steady yield.It is suitable to extend and apply in Guanzhong annual double ripe crop(winter wheat/summer maize)area. |
| Key words: annual double-ripe crop tillage pattern farmland effect biological effect |
