| 摘要: |
| 【目的】 探讨灌水次数、追肥量和定植密度3个栽培因子是否为引起春甘蓝叶球过早裂球的主要因素。【方法】 以春季栽培甘蓝品种“秦甘60”为材料，在栽培过程中设置不同灌水次数（间隔6，8，10（CK），12，14 d灌水1次）、追肥量（150，225（CK），300，450 kg/(hm2·次)）和定植密度（67 500，60 000（CK），52 500，45 000株/hm2）处理，当叶球生理成熟后延长采收时间，统计叶球的裂球率和裂球指数随采收期延长的变化动态，确定3个栽培因子对叶球裂球性的影响。【结果】 3个栽培因子中，不同处理春甘蓝的叶球裂球率和裂球指数均随采收期的延长而增加，且在一定采收期内各处理间表现为显著性差异；“秦甘60”灌水1次间隔6或8 d较间隔10，12或14 d更容易引起叶球裂球；不同追肥量处理中，裂球指数表现为450 kg/(hm2·次)>300 kg/(hm2·次)>225 kg/(hm2·次)>150 kg/(hm2·次)，定植密度45 000株/hm2较其他定植密度容易引起叶球裂球。【结论】 春甘蓝叶球裂球率和裂球指数均随灌水次数、追肥量的增加和定植密度的减小而升高，灌水次数、追肥量是引起春甘蓝裂球的主要因子，定植密度是次要因子。“秦甘60”春季栽培适宜间隔10或12 d灌水1次，在其关键需肥期每次按225 kg/hm2（尿素）追肥，以60 000株/hm2密度定植，是减少或防止叶球裂球较理想的栽培管理措施。 |
| 关键词: 春甘蓝 裂球性 灌水次数 追肥量 定植密度 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目（2006BAD01A7-2-04,2008BADB1B02）；陕西省13115重大科技专项（2008ZDKG-03）；农业部公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费项目（nyhyzx07-007） |
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| Impact of three main cultivated factors on the character of spring cabbage dehiscent leafy head |
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WEI Jiu feng FENG Ji nian WANG Peng HUANG Su fan
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 This study intended to study whether irrigation frequency，fertilizing quantity and colonization density were the major factors which caused cracking prematurely in spring cabbage leafy head.【Method】 Spring cultivated cabbage variety ‘Qin’gan 60’ was tested by setting up different irrigation freqnency treatment（interval 6,8,10 (CK),12,14 d irrigation once），fertilizing quantity treatment（150,225(CK),300,450 kg/(hm2·once)）and planting density treatment（67 500,60 000 (CK),52 500, 45 000 strain/hm2）in the cabbage growing season.When leafy head attained physiological maturity,harvest time was extended,then changes were calculated for the rate of Blastomere and the index of Blastomere.Thus the degrees of the three cultivated factors on the character of dehiscent leafy head were determined.【Result】 The different treatment of the three cultivated factors had significant differences in the rate of Blastomere and the index of Blastomere,which were increased when harvest time was extended.In ‘Qin’gan 60’,irrigation once with an interval of 6 or 8 days caused Blastomere more easily than that of interval 10,12 or 14 days;fertilizing quantity made the index of Blastomere show the change regularity from big to small as follows:450 kg/(hm2·once)>300 kg/(hm2·once)>225 kg/(hm2·once)>150 kg/(hm2·once);when planting density was 45 000 strain /hm2,it caused Blastomere more easily than others.【Conclusion】 With the decrease of irrigation frequency and fertilizing quantity and the increase of the planting density increases in spring cabbage,the rate of Blastomere and the index of Blastomere increase;irrigation frequency and fertilizing quantity are the main factors which cause Blastomere,and planting density is the secondary factor.For cabbage ‘Qin’gan 60’，the suitable irrigation frequency should be once at an interval of 10 days or 12 days in spring planting，the fertilizing quantity of 225 kg/hm2（urea） at the critical period of requirement of fertilizer and the planting density of 60 000 strain/hm2 are more ideal cultivation management measures which can reduce or prevent cracking of the leafy head. |
| Key words: spring cabbage character of dehiscent leafy head irrigation frequency fertilizing quantity planting density |
