| 摘要: |
| [目的]通过在陕西省山桐子自然分布区的大量调查、系统观察与测定,研究山桐子果实性状的自然变异状况并进行类型划分,为山桐子种质资源开发利用、收集保存和良种选育提供依据.[方法]在山桐子分布区内全面踏察,选取果实性状特异的植株,观察记录其果穗形状和果粒颜色,测量果穗长度、果穗直径、果柄长度、果粒纵径和果粒横径,并计算平均果径和果形指数等性状.根据果实性状自然变异调查的结果确定类型划分依据进行类型划分,然后对其经济性状进行分析和评价.[结果]山桐子在果穗形状、长度、紧密度及果粒形状、大小、颜色等性状上存在广泛的变异,依据果穗长度、果粒颜色、果粒大小及形状,可将陕南地区山桐子划分为红果短穗小果型、红果短穗大果型、红果短穗梨果型、红果长穗小果型、红果长穗大果型和黄果短穗型6种果实形态变异类型.通过对各类型主要经济性状的分析,丰产、高含油率的红果长穗大果型可作为优良类型加以利用.[结论]山桐子果实性状自然变异很丰富,类型较多,黄果型和梨果型比较特殊,可以作为山桐子种质资源进行收集和保存;红果长穗大果型单株产量和产油量都较高,在目前还没有无性系品种可以利用的情况下,可以作为丰产高含油率类型试行推广种植. |
| 关键词: 山桐子 果实性状 自然变异 变异类型 |
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| 基金项目:陕西省科技攻关项目（2007K01-11）；西安市科技计划项目（YF07087） |
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| Natural variation and variation types of fruit characters of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 The natural variations and variation types of fruit characters of Idesia polycarpa Maxim.were investigated in Shaanxi province.【Method】 The morphological variations of fruit characters,such as spike characters including shape,length,diameter and compactness,and fruit grain characters including shape,size and color fruit shape index and other traits were measured or calculated.Variation types of fruit characters were classified in accordance with the results of the variation survey,and then the economic properties of each type were analyzed and evaluated. 【Result】 This species had great morphological variations in spike characters and in fruit grain characters.Six distinct types of variation of fruit characters were classified.Through analysis of major economic traits of each type,long spike large grain type were selected and could be used as a high yield rate and high oil type.【Conclusion】 The natural variability of fruit characters are abundant,also the types are plentiful.This study laid a foundation for the development and utilization of germplasm resources,collecting and conservation of germplasm resources and breeding of this species． |
| Key words: Idesia polycarpa Maxim. fruit character natural variation variation type |
