| 摘要: |
| [目的]探讨大豆蛋白在鲤鱼饲料中的适宜替代量.[方法]以初始质量为(50.13±0.41)g的健康鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)为试验对象.在室内单循环控温养殖系统中进行8周生长试验,以鱼粉为动物蛋白源,去皮豆粕为植物蛋白源,去皮豆粕分别替代0%(CK),15%,30%,45%和60%的鱼粉蛋白,配制成5种等蛋白(360 g/kg)等能(15.2 MJ/kg)的半精制饲料,研究大豆蛋白对鲤鱼生长、饲料转化率及肌肉营养成分的影响.[结果]当大豆蛋白替代15%鱼粉蛋白时,PPV(蛋白质沉积率)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),SGR(特定生长率)、FER(饲料效率)、PER(蛋白质效率)与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);当大豆蛋白替代30%,45%,60%鱼粉蛋白时,FER、PER与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);30%,45%大豆蛋白替代组PPV与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),60%大豆蛋白替代组SGR、PPV显著下降(P<0.05).另外,随着大豆蛋白替代比例的增加,鱼体的水分含量逐渐上升,其中45%和60%大豆蛋白替代组与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01);粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量逐渐下降.其中60%大豆蛋白替代组与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);各组之间灰分含量没有显著变化(P>0.05).随着大豆蛋白替代水平的增加,氨基酸、必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸总量均呈上升趋势,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05).[结论]在本试验条件下,50～100 g鲤鱼的配合饲料蛋白水平为360 g/kg时,大豆蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白的最适量为15%,最大替代量为45%,过量添加大豆蛋白,将影响鲤鱼的生长及饲料转化率,使肌肉中蛋白质和脂肪的含量下降,但对肌肉中氨基酸含量的影响不显著. |
| 关键词: 鲤鱼 大豆蛋白 鲤鱼生长 肌肉营养成分 氨基酸 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（30430520） |
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| Effect of dietary soybean protein level on the growth performance of carp and nutritional components in the muscle |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 The research investigated the suitable replacement level of soybean protein in Cyprinus carpio feed.【Method】 The trial was carried out on healthy carp (Cyprinus carpio) with the initial weight (50.13±0.41) g in a controlled temperature single recirculating system for 8 weeks.Fish meal was used as animal protein sources while soybean protein was dehulled as plant protein sources.The carp was fed diets that contain different levels of soybean protein to replace fish meal (0%,15%,30%,45% and 60%) as semi-refined feed with equal protein （360 g/kg）and energy （15.2 MJ/kg）to investigate the effects of different dietary soybean protein levels on the growth performance,feed conversion efficiency and nutritional components in the muscle.【Result】 The results indicated that when soybean protein replaced fish meal by 15%,the productive protein values (PPV) in fed fish were significantly higher than that of control groups (P<0.05),while specific growth rate(SGR)，feed efficiency rate（FER）,protein efficiency rate（PER） had no significant difference with control groups（P＞0.05）;when soybean protein replaced fish meal by 30%,45% and 60%, there were no significant differences in specific growth rate(SGR)，feed efficiency rate (FER) and protein efficiency rate（PER）between the fish fed with these diets and the control groups（P＞0.05）but the productive protein value （PPV）of soybean replacement group was significantly lower than that of the control groups（P＜0.05）.In addition, when the soybean protein replacing proportion was increasing,moisture in the carp went up,and there were significantly differences in the carp fed with the diets when soybean protein replaced fish meal by 45% and 60%of soybean replacement group（P＜0.01）;when protein and fat content gradually descended,there were significantly differences in the carp fed with the diets when soybean protein replaced fish meal by 60%（P＜0.05）;but the ash in every group had no differences（P＞0.05）.The total amounts of amino acids and essential amino acids ascended but there were no significant differences in each group（P＞0.05）,and flavor amino acid in each group had no significant differences,either (P＞0.05). 【Conclusiovn】 Therefore,when the protein content was 36% the soybean protein replaced fish meal by 15%,the maximum replacement was 45% in the trial. Excessive soybean added in feed would affect the growth performance and feed efficiency rate.The protein and fat content in carp declinded,but the amino acid content in carp was not significantly influenced. |
| Key words: Cyprinus carpio soybean protein growth performance muscular nutritional component amino acid |
