| 摘要: |
| [目的]研究祁连山北坡草地蒸散与其环境因子的关系,为该牧区草场的科学经营、草地退化的防治以及区域草地生态环境建设等提供科学依据.[方法]以小型自动气象站(HOBO Weather Station,U.S.A)气象观测资料为基础,采用FAO Penman-Monteith方法估算了祁连山北坡草地参考作物蒸散量(ET0),并结合FAO-56的推荐值,分析了草地实际蒸散量(ETc)的动态变化,同时模拟研究了相关环境因子对实际蒸散量的影响.[结果]夏季(7和8月)草地的实际蒸散量较大,冬季(12和1月)较小,在7月中旬达到年度最高值,平均为3.40 mm/d;按相关系数的高低,环境因子对实际蒸散量的影响表现为空气温度＞空气相对湿度＞土壤含水量(0～40 cm)＞太阳辐射＞风速;土壤水分对实际蒸散量的影响表现为土壤深度越大,土壤水分对实际蒸散量的影响越小;太阳辐射量与实际蒸散量呈线性关系.[结论]祁连山北坡草地实际蒸散量的年际变化符合当地环境的变化规律,环境因子对其不同程度的影响表明,在今后的草场管理、退化防止、生态建设中应采取适当的措施,以确保草地的良性发展. |
| 关键词: FAO Penman-Monteith 祁连山 FAO-56 蒸散量 环境因子 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S942.3 S948 |
| 基金项目:国家科技攻关重大项目(0113014614)；中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCK1-09-01) |
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| Research on evapotranspiration and its impact factors on grassland in the northern slopes of Qilianshan Mountains |
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YUAN Ju-lin WANG Gao-xue WANG Jian-fu LIANG Chao-jun GU Zhong-qi CUI Jing YUAN Ming
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 The research on evapotranspiration and environmental factors of grassland was to provide scientific management of pasture and protection of grassland.【Method】 Based on meteorological data of HOBO Weather Station(U.S.A)，the FAO Penman Monteith was used to calculate the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) of grassland in the northern slopes of Qilianshan Mountains.The actual evapotranspiration(ETc) was estimated by FAO-56.【Result】 The ana1ysis results showed that the maximum was in July or August,and the minimum was in December or January.Some discussions on the influences of severa1 relative environmental factors were conducted.The calculation results showed that the order of the effect was as follows:the air temperature，air relative humidity,soil moisture(0-40 cm),solar radiation and wind speed.And the relationship between the effect of soil moisture and soil depth was opposite.The actual evapotranspiration was linearly correlated with solar radiation.【Conclusion】 Thus,it is regular for the actual evapotranspiration of grassland in the northern slopes of Qilianshan Mountains,with the research on the influences of several relative environmental factors.Therefore many appropriate measures to improve the conditions of grassland showd be taken. |
| Key words: FAO Penman-Monteith Qilianshan Mountains FAO-56 evapotranspiratiom environmental factor |
