| 摘要: |
| [目的]研究不同栽培模式和施氮量对半旱地栽培条件下冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系中冬小麦地上部氮素累积、分配及利用效率的影响.[方法]在陕西关中地区进行了田间试验,以常规栽培为对照,比较了补灌、覆草和垄沟等栽培模式及0,120,240 kg/hm2施氮水平,对冬小麦连续2年(2004和2005年)不同生长期各部位氮素累积量的影响.[结果]在补灌模式下,2004和2005年成熟期冬小麦叶片和茎秆的氮素累积量较其他模式低,氮素分配率也较低,而籽粒的氮素分配率较高;施用氮肥显著增加了各生长时期冬小麦叶片、茎秆、颖壳和穗轴以及籽粒的氮素累积量,当氮肥施用量由120增加到240 kg/hm2时,除籽粒外,成熟期冬小麦叶片、茎秆、颖壳和穗轴的氮素残留量均随之明显增加.与不同栽培模式相比,施用氮肥对冬小麦不同器官中氮素分配的影响较小.随着氮肥施用量的增加,氮肥利用效率、氮肥农学效率和氮肥生理效率均呈降低趋势.在不同栽培模式中,连续2年补灌栽培模式下冬小麦的氮肥利用效率、氮肥农学效率以及氮肥生理效率均较高,而其他栽培模式下这3个指标年际间的变化较大.[结论]施用氮肥可显著增加冬小麦各生长时期不同器官的氮素累积量,但对氮素在不同器官中分配比例的影响较小;与施用氮肥相比,不同栽培模式对冬小麦氮素的累积、分布无明显影响;冬季补灌有利于提高冬小麦的氮素效率. |
| 关键词: 栽培模式 施氮量 冬小麦 氮素累积与分配 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S812.8 S812.95 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（30230230，30370288和40571087）；西北农林科技大学拔尖人才支持计划项目（2006） |
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| Effects of different cultivation methods and nitrogen fertilizer application on nitrogen accumulation and distribution in winter wheat on semi-dryland farming |
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CA0 Zhong-hua WEI Jun YANG Fu-yu CA0 She-hui
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 The aim of this experiment is to investigate the effects of cultivation methods and nitrogen fertilizer rates on nitrogen accumulation,distribution and utilization efficiency of winter wheat in manural loessial soils under the winter wheat summer maize cropping rotation system.【Method】 A completely randomized block design was conducted in the experiment with four different cultivation methods (CK:control,SI:supplementary irrigation,SM:straw mulching,FP:furrow planting), three nitrogen fertilizer rates (0，120，240 kg/hm2)and four replications.【Result】 Compared with other three cultivation methods,the nitrogen residue in the leaf and stem of wheat after harvesting was lower in SI cultivation method,so was the rate of residue N to total N accumulation in the crop; however,the rate of the nitrogen residue in the grain to the nitrogen accumulated in shoot was increased.As the increasing of the application rates of nitrogen fertilizer,nitrogen accumulation in the leaf, stem, glume & rachis,and grain of wheat was significantly increased.While the nitrogen application was increased from 120 to 240 kg/hm2,nitrogen accumulation in wheat leaf,stem,and glume & rachis was increased after harvesting; however,nitrogen accumulation in wheat grain didn't increased significantly.The application of nitrogen fertilizer had not show significant effect on the distribution of N in different organs of wheat.As the increasing of the application rates of nitrogen fertilizer,nitrogen recovery,agronomic efficiency and physiological efficiency became lower and lower.Compared with other different cultivation methods,N recovery,N agronomic efficiency and N physiological efficiency of supplementary irrigation pattern were higher during the two continuous years;the changes of these nitrogen efficiency indices of the other three cultivation methods were various in different years.【Conclusion】 It is concluded that as the application of nitrogen fertilizer,nitrogen accumulation in different organs of wheat was significantly increased at different growth stages,however, it had less effect on the distribution of N in different organs of wheat;in comparison with the application of nitrogen fertilizer,the effects of different cultivation methods had less effects on nitrogen accumulation and distribution in winter wheat at the different stages,and supplementary irrigation in winter tended to improve the nitrogen efficiency of wheat. |
| Key words: cultivation method nitrogen fertilizer rate winter wheat nitrogen accumulation and distribution |
