| 摘要: |
| 针对黄土高原老龄苹果园弃园后新栽幼树再植病严重问题,以14年生原树体下部和2年生矮化中间砧苹果苗为试材,进行地面蹲靠长枝和短枝嫁接更新改造试验。结果表明,采用地面蹲靠长枝嫁接,干径增粗快,树冠恢复能力强,新梢生长量大,总枝量增长迅速,接后第2年可少量开花结果,第3年正常结果,第4年进入丰产期,比闲地定植提早1年结果,比重茬地定植提早2年结果,5年累计平均产量14 663.1 kg/hm2,是闲地定植的2.175倍,是重茬地定植的4.638倍;地面蹲靠嫁接以3月中旬至下旬、气温3～6 ℃嫁接最适宜,成活率平均为96.3%;地蹲靠嫁接枝数以3枝为宜,树体生长旺,嫁接口愈合快,树体支撑能力强;嫁接后接穗上部套长塑料袋或纸袋保护,枝条萌发早,新梢生长旺。 |
| 关键词: 黄土高原 老龄苹果树 蹲靠嫁接 |
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| 基金项目:科技部攻关项目（2004BA516A10） |
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| Research on technique of inarching at bottom part of trunk with long shoot for renewal cultivar in old apple orchards of Loess Plateau |
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| Abstract: |
| The experiment of inarching technique at bottom part of trunk of 14-year-old trees for replacing cultivar was conducted in order to solve replanting disease problems in old apple orchards of Loss Plateau when planting young trees compared with 2-year-old dwarf trees with interstock.The results show that inarching at bottom part of trunk with long shoot can increase trunk diameter quickly, top of the tree can recover quickly,the new growing shoot and total new growing shoots are big;trees begin to bear a few fruits in the second year after grafting,fruit in the third year,and reach full production in the fourth year.It fruits one year ahead of orchard with planting young trees on annual crops land,and two year ahead of orchard with planting young trees.Average yield in five years is 14 663.1 kg/hm2,increased by 118% compared with planting young trees on annual crops land and is increased by 464% compared with planting young trees on old orchard.The suitable grafting time for inarching at bottom part of trunk is the middle and last ten days of March and air temperature from 3 to 6 ℃;the average survival rate of grafting can reach 96.3%,grafting with three shoots is the best when inarching at base of trunk;tree can grow vigorously;the wound area can heal quickly,and can also support the tree.Protecting scion with long plastic bag or paper bag and exposing upper part of scion out of bag are used after grafting,bud germination is early and new shoot growth is vigorous. |
| Key words: Loess Plateau,old apple orchard,inarching |
