| 摘要: |
| 为了建立苹果声学参量与品质参量间的关系,对在不同温度和时间条件下贮藏的红富士苹果表面超声波反射回波信号和声波穿透苹果所需时间及穿透苹果后透声信号幅度的变化进行了测定,探讨了储藏温度、储藏时间等环境因素对苹果储藏过程中外观、质量,尤其是声速、声衰减等声学参量的影响。结果表明:①当储藏温度一定时,随着储藏时间的增加,苹果质量减少,苹果表面反射回波幅度减小,超声衰减系数降低,声速下降;②当储藏时间相同而温度不同时,随储藏温度的升高,反射回波幅度减小,且温度越高,减小愈快,超声衰减系数降低也越快;苹果质量变化有相似规律。③苹果采后储藏前期后成熟速度较慢,而储藏后期后成熟速度较快。苹果在储藏过程中物理特性的变化与其声学参数的变化有一定对应关系,该结果预示可利用储藏期内超声参数的变化对苹果品质进行评价。 |
| 关键词: 红富士苹果 储藏温度 储藏时间 物理特性 超声无损检测 |
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| 基金项目:陕西省教育厅专项基金项目（2004A04） |
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| Quality evaluation of the apple based on physics character |
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| Abstract: |
| In order to find a relation between acoustic characteristics and physiological properties of Red Fuji apples,experiments are carried out based on sound radiation and sound diffraction from apple surface.The samples of Red Fuji apples were stored at different temperature and different time.A technique based on echo wave amplitute,wave propagation velocity and attenation was applied to evaluating apple quality during storage period.Results showed as follows:①Ultrasonic echo wave amplitude，apple weight and attenuation coefficient decreased with the increase of the storage time at certain temperature.②The higher the storage temperature was,the faster the ultrasonic echo wave amplitude and attenuation coefficient slowed down in certain storage time.The same rule as fruits weight.③After the apple picked the mature speed of earlier preserve period was slow,but after the mature speed of the later preserve period was quick.The physical parameters of Red Fuji apples were highly correlated with its ultrasonic properties.These changes may be used to evaluate apple quality during storage period. |
| Key words: Red Fuji apples,storage temperature,physics character,storage time,ultrasonic nondestructive testing |
