| 摘要: |
| 河流、湖泊和冰川是江河源区水文生态系统的主要构成要素,研究该区水文生态系统构成要素的特征,对系统研究江河源区生态环境质量演变意义重大。研究在实地调查和系统分析前人已有科研成果的基础上,系统分析了该区水文生态系统构成要素的特点。结果表明,江河源区主要河流有184条,其中流域面积5 000-10 000 km2的有12条,其水文生态系统构成特点是,黄河源区的一级支流河流长度较短,流域面积较小,入河口海拔高度较高,河道比降大,电力资源丰富;长江源区一级支流流域面积大,河流长,年径流量大,河道比降小;澜沧江源区流域面积较黄河源区和长江源区小,但其单位面积上的产水量较丰富,产水量达到25 484 m3/km2。江河源区有湖泊250个,且以淡水、微咸水湖为主。其中黄河源区面积在0.5 km2以上的湖泊89个,湖水面积1 479 km2;长江源区共有湖泊160个,但面积只有802.7 km2,其中面积在1.0 km2以上的湖泊84个;澜沧江源区只有1个湖泊,面积仅有1.0 km2,以淡水湖为主。江河源区冰川资源量达2 000亿m3,其中黄河源区有冰川68条,阿尼玛卿山分布有58条;长江源区以当曲流域的冰川覆盖面积最大,沱沱河流域次之,楚玛尔河流域最小,冰川总面积1 168.18km2,冰川储量98.302 6 km3,年消融量约9.89亿m3;澜沧江源区冰川在数量上和流域面积上都较小,只有20条,面积为124.12 km2。 |
| 关键词: 江河源区 水文生态系统 生态环境质量 |
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| 基金项目:青海省重大科技攻关项目（2002-N-106）；西北农林科技大学博士启动基金项目;西北农林科技大学专项基金项目(04ZM040) |
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| Essentials of the hydrological ecosystem characteristic in the area of Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lantsang |
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| Abstract: |
| The surface water resources in the area of Yangtze River,Yellow River and Lantsang is composed of rivers,lakes and glacier resources.It's of great significance to study the characteristics of essentials of the hydrological ecosystem in this area.On the basis of the investigation and others scientific reseach results,the paper analysed the characteristics of the essentials of the hydrological ecosystem.The results show that threr’re 184 main rivers,among which there’re 12 rivers whose drainage area are 5 000-10 000 km2.There are 250 lakes in the area mainly characterized with fresh and slightly salty water,inwhich there’re 89 lakes whose area is above 0.5 km2 in the Yellow River source,and the total lake area is about 1 479 km2;there are 160 lakes in the area of Changjiang River source,and the whole area is about 802.7 km2,and there’re 84 lakes whose area is beyond 1.0 km2;there is only one lake in Lancang River source,whose area is only 1 km2,mainly composed of the fresh water.The water resource of glaciers in the area reaches 2 000×108 m3.There are 68 glaciers in the Yellow River source,most of which lie in the A Nima mountain;the glacier area in regional Dangqu river is the largest in the area of Changjiang River source,the second largest glacier area is the area in Tuotuohe River and the Chumaer Rive follows the second.The total glacier area is 1 168.18 km2,glacier reserves are 98.302 6 km3,and the yearly glacier water is about 9.89×108 m3 in the regional of Changjiang River. |
| Key words: area of Yangtze River,Yellow River and Lantsang,hydrological ecosystem,cological quality |
