| 摘要: |
| 采用农田生态系统氮、磷平衡计算方法，埘东北地区土壤氮、磷养分平衡状况及其对面源污染的贡献进行了研究。结果表明，东北三省农田化肥用量随时间的增加而增大，但不同种植区间化肥投入差异较大；氮、磷肥用量是造成农田土壤氮、磷平衡空间差异的直接因素，两者呈极显著相关关系；由于化肥投入量的增加，东北三省农田土壤氮、磷平衡均由建国初期的亏缺转为盈余，赢余量呈现随时间增加而增大的趋势，但区域间差异较大。与80年代相比，2002年由东北三省农田土壤总氮平衡和总磷平衡进入水体环境的氮、磷负荷均有所增加，各省农田进入水体环境氮、磷负荷的升高幅度分别为：辽宁，氮负荷29％，磷负荷3％；吉林，氮负荷93％，磷负荷229%；黑龙江，氮负荷39％，磷负荷125％。果树蔬菜种植面积比例的增加是造成农田土壤氮素盈余增加的原因之一，两者呈极显著相关关系。随着辽河流域果树、蔬菜种植面积的逐年增加，果树和蔬菜农田土壤养分过度累积对辽河水体面源污染的贡献不容忽视。 |
| 关键词: 化肥用量 土壤氮、磷平衡 面源污染 东北地区 |
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| 基金项目:中国工程院东北地区农业发展战略研究咨询项目；农业部“引进国际先进农业科学技术” 项目（2003-Z53） |
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| Analysis of the contribution to non-point pollution made by balanced fertilizer in Northwest China |
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| Abstract: |
| Nitrogen,phosphorus input and balances for counties in Northeast China were calculated,and their spatial and temporal variability were analyzed to estimate the potential impacts of nutrient N and P.The result showed that the fertilizer application rate increased from 1980 to 2003.There were significant differences of fertilizer input among different counties.N and P fertilizer application rate was one of the factors affecting the variation of the N and P balance in arable land,and there was a good relationship between them.Due to the increase of fertilizer application,the N and P balance in arable land in Northeast China changed from negative to positive.But there still were obvious differences of nutrient balance among different counties in 2002.Compared with 1980s',N and P load were increased in 2002,ranges of the increasing N and P load were:Liaoning,N load,29%,P load,3%;Jilin,N load,93%,P load,229%;Heilongjiang,N load,39%,P load,125%.There was a positive relationship between N balance and the ratio of cash crop area.It is pointed out that non-point source pollution will become one of the main factors on the water eutrophication in the high cash crop area regions due to the more fertilizer input of cash crop system. |
| Key words: fertilizer application rate N and P balance in soil non-point source pollution Northeast China |
