| 摘要: |
| 为了寻求黄土台原旱地冬小麦的适宜耕作栽培技术,以传统耕作方式为对照,比较了留茬覆盖深松膜侧沟播技术与留茬免耕秸秆全程覆盖技术和留茬深松秸秆全程覆盖技术的蓄水增产效果。结果表明,在参试的各技术模式中,其农田效应、增产效果和水分利用效率,均以留茬覆盖深松膜侧沟播技术最好,其次是留茬深松秸秆全程覆盖技术和留茬免耕秸秆全程覆盖技术;留茬覆盖深松膜侧沟播技术能融“深松深层贮水效应”、“秸秆覆盖保水增肥效应”和“起垄覆膜沟播聚水、保水、增温、透光效应”于一身,可显著改善旱地麦田水、肥、气、热环境条件;与传统耕作比较,该模式在夏闲期可多贮水84.4 mm,蓄水率提高18.2%,小麦生育期水分利用效率达到15.56 kg/(mm·hm2),增产40.6%,是陕西渭北及同类地区旱地小麦高效利用自然降水、实现高产稳产的最佳模式选择。 |
| 关键词: 旱地冬小麦 自然降水高效利用 农业机械化 渭北高原 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S233.72 |
| 基金项目:国家科技攻关项目（22004BA524B03-02） |
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| Rainfall mechanical utilization techniques for winter wheat in Loess Plateau dry land |
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XUE Shao-ping ZHU Rui-xiang YANG Qing HAN Si-ming HAN Wen-ting
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| Abstract: |
| In order to find a suitable integrated dry land farming technology for winter wheat in Loess Plateau,the crop yield and water utilization efficiency of three farming technology systems,no-tillage high stubble mulching,stubble-mulching and deep loosing,and plastic mulching and film side planting,were compared.The results showed that the integrated farming technology,combining leaving higher stubble in the field,deep loosing and cultivation,plastic mulching and film side planting together,has greatest potential in improving farmland condition,crop yield and water utilization efficiency,followed by the integrated farming technology combining leaving higher stubble in the field,deep loosing and straw mulching and the technology combining leaving higher stubble in the field,no tillage and straw mulching.The integrated farming technology combining leaving higher stubble in the field,deep loosing and straw mulching has comprehensive functions to improve the ability of water storage,moisture conservation and fertility and temperature of soil.It can improve the water,fertilizer,air and heat conditions of farmland greatly.Compared with the traditional farming technology,this one can increase the water storing ability by 84.4 mm and improve the water storage by 18.2%.The water utilization efficiency of wheat can reach 15.56kg/(mm·hm2),and the yield may increase by 40.6%.This integrated farming technology is the best choice to improve rainfall mechanical utilization efficiency and wheat yield for Shaanxi Weibei dryland area and other regions of this kind. |
| Key words: dry land winter wheat rainfall high efficient utilization farm mechanization Weibei Plateau |
