| 摘要: |
| 从杨凌郊区采集的塿土土样中共分离得到19株放线菌，定名为L-01～L-19。研究了这19株放线菌对玉米大斑病菌Exserohilum turcicum、辣椒疫霉Phytophthora capsici、南瓜枯萎病菌Fusarium bulbigenum、苹果干腐病菌Bolyosphoma berengeriana和苹果轮纹病菌Macrophoma kawatsukai 5种作物病原真菌的抑制活性。结果表明，菌株L-19和L-13对病原真菌抑制效果明显。L-19对5种病原真菌的抑菌圈直径都在10 mm以上，最大可达15 mm;L-13对辣椒疫霉和南瓜枯萎病菌的抑菌圈直径分别为17 mm和15 mm。通过对供试放线菌生化特性的研究发现，供试放线菌的淀粉水解和明胶液化能力较强，63.2%的菌株可使明胶全部或大部分液化，73.7%菌株的淀粉水解圈与菌落直径的比值大于3；牛奶凝固、胨化和纤维素分解能力较弱，只有10.5%的菌株可使牛奶全部凝固，26.3%的菌株可使牛奶全部胨化和纤维素全部分解。分类结果表明供试放线菌大多属链霉菌属（Streptomyces）。 |
| 关键词: 放线菌 病原真菌 拮抗性 筛选 生化特性 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:西北农林科技大学青年基金项目(04ZM050) |
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| Screening of antabonistic actinomyces from soil and the study of biochemical characteristics |
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| Abstract: |
| 19 strains were isolated from soil samples and named L-01-L-19. Their antiblastic test against 5 pathogen fungi (Exserohilum turcicum,Phytophthora capsici, Fusarium bulbigenum, Bolyosphoma berengeriana,Macrophoma kawatsukai) shows that they have common antigen against fungi. Among them, L-13 and L-19 are prominent. L-19,santiblastic diameter are all above 10 mm,L-13,s antiblastic diameter against Phytophthora capsici and Fusarium bulbigenum are 15 mm and 17 mm respectively. According to biochemical characteristics,the strains tested have strong ability of starch hydrolysis and gelatin liquefaction, 63.2% of the strains tested can liquefy all or almost all of the gelatin,73.7% of the strains have starch hydrolysis circle whose diameter is above 3 times of their colony's diameter;The ability of milk peptonization and curd are weak,only 10.5% of the stains can solidificate all the milk,26.3% can peptonize the milk and decompose the cellulose;The strains can be classified into 3 genus,Streptomyces being the majority. |
| Key words: actinomyces pathogen fungi antabonistic screening biochemical characteristics |
