| 摘要: |
| 在室内以组织筛选法测定了菊科15属25种植物的丙酮提取物对番茄灰霉病菌（Botrytis cirerea Pers et Tris）和苹果炭疽病菌（Glomerella cingulata Schr）的抑菌活性，并采用盆栽试验测试了其对小麦白粉病菌（Erysiphe graminis DC）的防治效果。结果表明，蓼子朴、天明精、大花金挖耳等16种植物样品对番茄灰霉病菌的抑菌作用（抑制浸染率）达到60%以上；大花金挖耳、旋覆花和猪毛蒿3种植物样品对苹果炭疽病菌具有60%以上的抑菌作用；对小麦白粉病菌有50%以上保护作用的有大花金挖耳、蓼子朴、臭蒿、苍耳、旋覆花、大刺儿菜等6种植物样品，有50%以上治疗作用的有大花金挖耳、蓼子朴、天明精等9种植物样品。综合分析认为，大花金挖耳、天明精、蓼子朴、猪毛蒿和旋覆花等5种植物值得进一步研究开发。 |
| 关键词: 植物源杀菌剂 菊科植物 活体研究 活性筛选 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家“十五”攻关项目(2002BA516A04) |
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| Bio-activities of extracts from 25 species Compositae plants against three kinds of pathogens |
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| Abstract: |
| The fungicidal activity of the 15 genera 25 species compositae plant extracts were tested in vivo with Erysiphe graminis DC,Botrytis cirerea Pers ex Tris and Glomerella cingulata Schr 3 fungus.The results of the tissue selection method of the compositae 15 genera 25 species plants extraction against Botrytis cinerea-cucumber Cotyledon and Colletotrichum gloeosphorioides-apple showed that there were 60% antifungal rates of 16 samples to the Botrytis cirerea Pers ex Tris,such as C.macrocephalum Franch.et Sav,I.salsoloides (Turcz.) Ostenf and C.abrotanoides L.,C.macrocephalum Franch.et Sav,I.japonica Thunb and A.Scoparia Waldst.et kit showed 60% antifungal to the later.Results showed that the extracts of 6 plants had more than 50% protective efficacy to Erysiphe graminis DC,such as C.macrocephalum Franch.et Sav,I.Salsoloides (Turcz.) Ostenf,A.hedinii Ostenf,X.sibiricum Patrin,I.japonica Thunb,Setosum (Wild) Kitam etc，that the extracts of 9 plants had more than 50% treatment efficacy to Erysiphe graminis DC,such as C.macrocephalum Franch.et Sav,I.salsoloides (Turcz.) Ostenf and C.abrotanoides L.,samples with both the protective efficacy and the treatment more than 50% were C.macrocephalum Franch.et Sav,I.Salsoloides (Turcz.) Ostenf,A.hedinii Ostenf,X.sibiricum Patrin,I.japonica Thunb.Especialy,the extracts from C.macrocephalum Franch.et Sar,I.salsoloides (Turcz.) Ostenf,C.abrotanoides L,A.scoparia Waldst.et Kit L.and I.japonica Thunb had a better fungicidal activity to the 3 tested fungus. |
| Key words: botanical fungicides Compositae plants in vivo studies bioactivity-screening |
