| 摘要: |
| 通过对天山北麓中段土地类型、河流径流和植被覆盖等土壤侵蚀影响因素的空间分布特征分析认为 :①天山北麓中段主要侵蚀类型为风蚀、水蚀、冻融侵蚀及人为加速侵蚀 ;②侵蚀产沙类型以及产沙强度在空间上具有明显的垂直变化规律 :沙漠以风力侵蚀、高山和亚高山以冻融侵蚀为强烈侵蚀类型 ,普遍存在微度水力侵蚀 ,局部表现为中度甚至强度 ;③水蚀类型有冰川融雪径流侵蚀和降雨径流侵蚀两种方式。天山北麓中段河流产沙时间上主要在每年的 5月初至 8月末 ,且冰川雪水径流产沙要比雨水径流产沙量大 ,空间上则主要位于海拔 800～ 1 500 m的由第三纪、第四纪地层和黄土堆积所组成的中、低山丘陵地。 |
| 关键词: 天山北麓中段,土壤侵蚀,侵蚀类型,侵蚀强度 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S157.1 |
| 基金项目:水利部水利科技开发基金项目(SJ9725)，中国科学院知识创新项目(99-01-05) |
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| Analysis of influencing factors and characteristics of soil erosion in the middle region on the north slope of Tianshan Mountain |
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ZHANG Xiao ping JIAO Feng LI Rui
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| Abstract: |
| Through analyzing the spatial distribution of runoff, land types and
vegetation cover in the middle region on the north slope of Tianshan Mountain, the
characteristics of soil erosion in Xinjiang have been got as follows.①The major types of
erosion are erosion of wind,water, freeze-thrawing, and man-made accelerated erosion.
②The types of erosion and sediment and the intensity of sediment show a distinctively
vertical change. In the desert the violent type of erosion is by wind, on the high mountain
by freeze-thrawing, and the slight water erosion spreads widely, however at some plots
soil erosion by water reaches to mid, or even strong degree.③The two types of water
causing soil erosion come from melted glacier and snow and rainfall. The time of
generating sediment is mainly from the beginning of May to the end of August, and the
sediment from melted glacier and snow is more than that rainfall. The elevation of the
main region of sediment generating is from 800 to 1 500 meters,which belongs to the
mid-low mountain and hilly land deposited by the Tertiary and Quaternary stratum and
the loess soil. |
| Key words: the middle region of Tianshan Mountain,soil erosion,type of erosion,intensity of erosion |
