| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究生物农药拌种对青海地区青稞黑穗病和云纹病的防控效果及其对青稞苗情及产量的影 响。【方法】 以5%香芹酚SL、0.3%丁子香酚SL、10%小檗碱盐酸盐WP 3种植物源农药和枯草芽孢杆菌WP及哈茨 木霉菌WP 2种微生物农药为处理，以25 g/L咯菌腈FS、10%苯醚甲环唑WG、430 g/L戊唑醇SC等3种化学农药为 药剂对照，以清水处理为空白对照，通过田间拌种试验评价各处理对青稞苗期生长、病害防治及产量的影响。【结果】与化学农药相比，生物农药拌种处理在提高青稞出苗率和促进苗期生长方面表现更优，其中10%小檗碱盐酸盐 WP 处 理对青稞出苗率的提升效果最佳，出苗率高达92.52%；哈茨木霉菌WP对青稞根长促进效果最好，5%香芹酚SL对青稞株高及鲜质量的提升效果最为明显。生物农药对青稞黑穗病和云纹病表现出良好的防治潜力，其中10%小檗碱盐 酸盐WP和5%香芹酚SL对青稞黑穗病的防效分别达74.37%和76.42%，0.3%丁子香酚SL对青稞云纹病的防效可达74.75%，其他2种生物农药枯草芽孢杆菌WP和哈茨木霉菌WP对青稞黑穗病和云纹病的防效均保持在 68% 以 上。5%香芹酚SL对青稞的增产效果最好，2025年在青海西宁和门源地区青稞产量分别达3 323. 04和3 478. 54 kg/hm2，增产率分别为15.31%和14.07%；10%小檗碱盐酸盐WP对青稞的增产效果次之，2025年在青海西宁和门源 地区青稞产量分别达3 275.46和3 451.85 kg/hm2，增产率分别为13.65%和13.20%；两种植物源农药增产效果均明 显优于化学农药。【结论】生物农药在促进青稞生长、防控病害及提高产量方面具有良好效果，可作为化学农药的替代或补充方案，为青稞病害绿色防控提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 青稞 生物农药 接种 黑穗病 云纹病 防治效果 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 12. 017 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:青海省重点研发与转化项目（2023-NK-154） |
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| Field efficacy of biopesticide seed dressing against barley smut and scald and its effect on barley yield |
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ZHANG Hua1, WENG Hua2, MA Zhiqing1,3
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1.College of Plant Protection，Northwest A&F University，Yangling，Shaanxi 712100，China;2.Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences，Xining，Qinghai 810016，China;3.Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology，Yangling，Shaanxi 712100，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The study aims to investigate the effects of biopesticide seed dressing on seedling growth，control of barley smut and scald，and barley yield in the Qinghai region.【Method】Three botanical pesti‐ cides（ 5% carvacrol SL，0.3% eugenol SL，10% berberine hydrochloride WP） and two microbial pesticides （Bacillus subtilis WP，Trichoderma harzianum WP） were used as treatments，with three chemical pesticides （25 g/L fludioxonil FS，10% difenoconazole WG，430 g/L tebuconazole SC） as chemical controls and water as the blank control. Field seed dressing experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of each treatment on barley seedling growth，disease control，and yield.【Result】Compared with chemical pesticides，biopesticide treatments generally performed better in improving emergence rate and promoting seedling growth. Among them，10% berberine hydrochloride WP showed the best effect on improving barley emergence，with the highest emergence rate reaching 92.52%. Trichoderma harzianum WP most effectively promoted root length，and 5% carvacrol SL most significantly increased plant height and fresh weight. Biopesticides demonstrated good poten‐tial for controlling smut and scald：10% berberine hydrochloride WP and 5% carvacrol SL achieved control efficacies of 74.37% and 76.42% against barley smut，respectively，while 0.3% eugenol SL showed an efficacy of 74.75% against barley scald. The other two biopesticides（Bacillus subtilis WP，Trichoderma harzianum WP） maintained control efficacies above 68% for both diseases.Yield analysis results indicate that 5% carvacrol SL had the best yield-increasing effect on barley，with 2025 barley yields reaching 3 323.04 and 3 478.54 kg/hm2 in Xining and Menyuan regions of Qinghai，achieving yield increases of 15.31% and 14.07%，respectively. 10% berberine hydrochloride WP follows closely，with 2025 barley yields reaching 3 275.46 and 3 451.85 kg/hm2 in Xining and Menyuan regions，achieving yield increases of 13.65% and 13.20%，respectively.Both yield-in‐creasing effects are significantly superior to those of chemical pesticides.【Conclusion】Biopesticides show positive effects in promoting barley growth，controlling diseases，and increasing yield，and can serve as alternatives or supplements to chemical pesticides，providing a theoretical basis and technical support for green barley disease management. |
| Key words: hulless barley biopesticide seed dressing barley smut barley scald control efficacy |
