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| 不同枣种质需冷量与需热量及休眠生理变化研究 |
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余小花1,2, 焦文丽3,2, 刘丹1,2, 石美娟2, 李碧聪3,2, 李豪杰3,2, 薛晓芳2, 任海燕2, 苏万龙2, 王永康2, 刘丽2, 赵爱玲2, 李登科2, 李毅2
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1.山西农业大学 园艺学院，山西 晋中 030800;2.山西农业大学 果树研究所/果树种质创制与利用山西省重点实验室，山西 太原 030031;3.山西农业大学 林学院，山西 晋中 030800
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| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】明确不同枣种质的需冷量与需热量差异，筛选适用于山西地区枣树的需冷量与需热量估算模 型，解析其越冬期间的休眠生理响应特点。【 方法】选取42份不同原产地的枣种质进行人工低温水培试验，从中筛选6份代表性种质，即稷山板枣、太谷壶瓶枣、临汾蜜枣、黄骅冬枣、灌阳长枣和韶关白枣进行自然低温动态水培萌芽试 验，采用3种需冷量模型（≤7.2 ℃模型、0-7.2 ℃模型、犹他模型）和2种需热量模型（生长度小时模型、有效积温模型） 估算各种质的需冷量与需热量。采用比色法测定6份代表性枣种质休眠期间生理指标的动态变化，并选取需冷量差 异显著的临汾蜜枣和灌阳长枣2份种质，测定其休眠诱导期、生理休眠期、生态休眠期及田间萌芽期4个关键时期的内 源激素含量，解析其越冬期间的休眠生理特点。【 结果】 人工低温条件下，42份枣种质的需冷量为0-607 C·U，可分 为零需冷量（4份）、低需冷量（17份）、中需冷量（19份）和高需冷量（2份）4类。自然低温条件下，筛选出适宜山西地区需冷量估算模型为犹他模型，需热量估算模型为生长度小时模型，6份代表性种质的需冷量为0-492 C·U，需热量为5 575-7 559 ℃。有效积温模型估算的需热量与0-7.2 ℃模型、犹他模型的估算结果呈显著正相关。在休眠进程中， 可溶性糖与游离脯氨酸含量先积累后降解；可溶性蛋白含量在生态休眠期呈波动变化；过氧化物酶活性仅在生理休眠 启动与解除时出现明显峰值；丙二醛含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性在休眠诱导期呈下降趋势，在生理与生态休眠期均呈 先升后降趋势。激素含量测定表明，高水平的脱落酸与赤霉素协同调控枣树进入生理休眠期，低水平的玉米素与茉莉 酸有助于维持休眠状态；休眠解除时，高水平的生长素可以促进田间萌芽。【 结论】适宜山西地区枣树的需冷量与需 热量模型分别为犹他模型和生长度小时模型。不同枣种质需冷量差异显著，且需冷量与需热量呈极显著负相关。在 枣树休眠及休眠解除过程中，可溶性糖、脯氨酸等物质参与了树体的营养生长调节，而脱落酸、赤霉素、生长素等内源 激素也在枣树的休眠进程中发挥着直接或间接的调控作用。 |
| 关键词: 枣 需冷量 需热量 休眠特性 山西地区 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 11. 010 |
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| 基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系专项（CARS-30-1-07，CARS-30-ZZ-22）；国家科技资源共享服务平台项目（NHGRC2023-NH12-1） |
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| Chilling requirement，heat requirement and dormancy physiological changes in different jujube germplasms |
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YU Xiaohua1,2, JIAO Wenli3,2, LIU Dan1,2, SHI Meijuan2, LI Bicong3,2, LI Haojie3,2, XUE Xiaofang2, REN Haiyan2, SU Wanlong2, WANGYongkang2, LIU Li2, ZHAO Ailing2, LI Dengke2, LI Yi2
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1.College of Horticulture，Shanxi Agricultural University，Jinzhong，Shanxi 030800，China;2.Pomology Institute，Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Utilization in Pomology，Shanxi Agricultural University，Taiyuan，Shanxi 030031，China;3.College of Forestry，Shanxi Agricultural University，Jinzhong，Shanxi 030800，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study aims to determine the differences in chilling and heat requirements among various jujube germplasms，select models suitable for estimating these requirements in Shanxi Province，and analyse its physiological response characteristics of dormancy during the overwintering period.【Method】Forty-two jujube germplasms from different origins were selected for artificial low-temperature hydroponic ex?periments，from which six representative germplasms（Jishanbanzao，Taiguhupingzao，Linfenmizao，Huanghua-dongzao，Guanyangchangzao and Shaoguanbaizao） were screened for dynamic hydroponic germination experi?ments under natural low-temperature conditions. To estimate the chilling and heat requirements of each germ?plasm，three chilling models（≤7.2 ℃ model，0-7.2 ℃ model，and Utah model） and two heat models（grow-ing degree-hour model and effective accumulated temperature model） were applied. The colorimetric method was employed to determine the dynamic changes in physiological indicators during dormancy for six representa-tive jujube germplasms. Furthermore，two germplasms Linfenmizao and Guanyangchangzao，which exhibited sig-nificant differences in chilling requirements were selected to measure endogenous hormone levels during four key periods：dormancy induction，physiological dormancy，ecological dormancy，and field bud break，thereby analysing the physiological characteristics of dormancy during overwintering.【Result】Under artificial low-tempera-ture conditions，the chilling requirements of 42 jujube germplasms ranged from 0 to 607 C·U，which were classi-fied into four categories：zero，low，medium，and high，with 4，17，19，and 2 germplasms，respectively. Under natural low-temperature conditions，the Utah model was identified as the optimal model for estimating chilling requirement in Shanxi region，while the growing degree-hour model was most suitable for calculating heat requirement. For the six representative jujube germplasms，chilling requirements ranged from 0 to 492 C·U， whereas heat requirements ranged from 5 575 to 7 559 ℃.Heat requirements estimated by the effective accumu-lated temperature model showed a significant positive correlation with those estimated by the 0-7.2 ℃ model and the Utah model. During the dormancy process，soluble sugar and free proline contents first accumulated and then degraded，whereas soluble protein content fluctuated during the ecological dormancy period. Peroxidase activity exhibited distinct peaks only at the onset and termination of physiological dormancy. Malondialdehyde con? tent and superoxide dismutase activity showed a declining trend during the dormancy induction phase，while showing a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing during both physiological and ecological dormancy. Hor-mone quantification revealed that high levels of abscisic acid and gibberellin synergistically regulated the onset of physiological dormancy in jujube trees. Low levels of cytokinin and jasmonic acid contributed to maintaining the dormant state. Upon dormancy release，high levels of auxin promoted field sprouting.【Conclusion】The Utah model and the growing degree-hour model were identified as the most suitable for estimating chilling and heat requirements for jujube trees in the Shanxi region，respectively. Significant variations in chilling requirement existed among different germplasms，which exhibited a highly significant negative correlation with heat requirement. During dormancy and dormancy release of jujube trees，substances such as soluble sugars and proline participated in regulating vegetative growth，while hormones such as abscisic acid，gibberellin and auxin played direct or indirect regulatory roles throughout this phase. |
| Key words: Ziziphus jujuba Mill chilling requirement heat requirement dormancy characteristics Shanxi region |
