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| 松材线虫病疫木栽培茯苓的生物学效率及菌核品质评价 |
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谭云1,2,3, 喻锦秀1,3, 谭著明1,2,3, 沈宝明1,2,3, 李赛男1, 周长富4, 钟武洪1,3, 申爱荣1,2,3, 刘丽娜1,2,3
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1.湖南省林业科学院，湖南 长沙 410004;2.湖南省林下特色生物资源培育与利用工程技术研究中心，湖南 长沙 410004;3.长沙市林业有害生物防控技术创新中心，湖南 长沙 410004;4.浏阳市林业局，湖南 长沙 410300
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究利用感染松材线虫病的马尾松木段栽培茯苓的生物学效率和茯苓菌核品质，为松材线虫病 疫木的高值化利用提供参考。【方法】以松材线虫病疫木栽培茯苓为试验组（FY），以健康马尾松栽培茯苓为对照组（FM），测定茯苓菌核产量和生物学效率，同时在接种茯苓菌种前和采收茯苓菌核后，分别检测疫木中木质纤维（半纤维 素、纤维素和木质素）含量，调查疫木中松材线虫和松褐天牛的生存情况。测定 2组茯苓菌核（FY和FM）的质量指标（含水率、总灰分含量、醇溶性浸出物含量、β（- 1→3）-葡聚糖含量）和生物活性成分含量（总三萜、总多糖、总黄酮、总多酚）， 用HPLC法检测采收茯苓菌核中 11种三萜类物质的组成，采用相关性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析综合评价2组茯苓菌 核的品质差异。【 结果】感染松材线虫病马尾松木段栽培茯苓的菌核产量为4.07 kg/窖，生物学效率达24.89%，疫木中 纤维素和半纤维素是茯苓生长的营养来源。2组茯苓菌核的含水率、总灰分含量、醇溶性浸出物含量和 β（- 1→3）-葡聚糖含量之间均无显著差异，且均符合《中国药典》的规定标准。对松材线虫和松墨天牛生存状况的调查发现，疫木中松材线 虫的减退率为100%，疫木中仍存活的天牛幼虫虫体短小干瘪，因丧失营养来源而无法正常发育为成虫。生物活性成分 的测定表明，FY组的总三萜、总多糖、总多酚和总黄酮含量高于FM组，但均无显著差异。11个茯苓三萜化合物的总含 量和主要成分（茯苓酸和3-表去氢土莫酸）含量在茯苓FY组和FM组之间无显著差异。11个三萜化合物中，FY组茯苓中的3-表去氢茯苓酸含量显著高于FM组，而6α-羟基猪苓酸C、茯苓新酸B、茯苓酸C的含量显著低于FM组，其余7个化合物含量在2组茯苓之间均无显著差异。相关性分析表明，醇溶性浸出物含量与总多糖含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）；总灰分含量与总三萜含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）；总黄酮含量与总多酚含量呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。聚类 分析和主成分分析表明，FY组茯苓和FM组不能完全分开，说明2组茯苓菌核的品质无显著差异。【 结论】用松材线虫病疫木栽培茯苓时的产量和生物学效率均较高，茯苓菌核品质符合《中国药典》标准，可以实现疫木的安全高值化利用。 |
| 关键词: 茯苓 松材线虫 马尾松疫木 生物学效率 菌核品质评价 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 11. 007 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFD2200903）；湖南省林业科技创新项目（XLSF2023002，XLSF2026010） |
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| Biological efficiency and quality evaluation of Wolfiporia hoelen sclerotia cultivated on Bursaphelenchus xylophilus⁃infected wood |
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TAN Yun,YU Jinxiu,TAN Zhuming,SHEN Baoming,LI Sainan,ZHOU Changfu,ZHONG Wuhong,SHEN Airong,Liu Lina
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1.Hunan Academy of Forestry，Changsha，Hunan 410004，China;2.Hunan Engineering Research Center for Cultivation and Utilization of Distinctive Bio-resources Under Forest，Changsha，Hunan 410004，China;3.Changsha Forestry Pest Prevention and Control Technology Innovation Center，Changsha，Hunan 410004，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】This study aims to investigate the biological efficiency and quality of Wolfiporia hoelen sclerotia cultivated on Pinus massoniana wood infected with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus（BX），to pro-
vide a reference for the high-value utilization of BX-infected wood.【Method】In the experimental group（FY），W.hoelen strain was inoculated to BX-infected P.massoniana wood. In the control group（FM），W.hoelen strain was inoculated to healthy P.massoniana wood.The yield and biological efficiency of W.hoelen sclerotia were measured. Before inoculation and after sclerotia harvesting sclerotia，the contents of hemicellulose，cellu-
lose，and lignin in BX-infected P.massoniana wood were detected，and survival status of B.xylophilus and M.alternatus were also investigated.The quality indicators including moisture content，total ash content，alcohol-soluble extractives content，β（-1→3）-glucan content and the contents of bioactive components including total triterpenoids，total polysaccharides，total flavonoids，total polyphenols of W. hoelen sclerotia in two groups（FY and FM） were determined.HPLC were employed to analyze the composition of 11 triterpenoid components in W.hoelen sclerotia.Correlation analysis，cluster analysis，and principal component analysis were performed to comprehensively evaluate the quality differences of W.hoelen sclerotia between the two groups.【Result】The yield of W.hoelen sclerotia cultivated with BX-infected P.massoniana wood was 4.07 kg/plot，with a biological efficiency of 24.89%. Cellulose and hemicellulose in BX-infected wood served as nutritional sources for the growth of W.hoelen.There was no significant difference in moisture content，total ash content，alcohol-soluble extractives content and β -（1→3）-glucan content between the two groups of W.hoelen sclorotia，all of which met the standards specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Investigation on B.xylophilus and M.alternatus revealed that the decline rate of B.xylophilus in infected wood was 100%，surviving M.alternatus larvaes in infected wood were short and shriveled，failing to develop into adults due to nutrient depletion. The results of bioactive component content showed that the contents of total triterpenoid，total polysaccharide，total polyphenol，and total flavonoid in the FY group were higher than those in the FM group，with no significant difference. No significant difference were observed in the total content of 11 triterpenoid compounds and the contents of major components including pachymic acid and 3-epidehydrotumulosic acid between the two groups. Among the 11 triterpenoid compounds，the content of 3-epidehydropachymic acid in the FY group was significantly higher than that in the FM group，whereas the contents of 6α-hydroxyprolic acid C，poricoic acid B，and poricoic acid C were notably lower. No significant difference was observed in the contents of the other seven compounds between the two groups.Correlation analysis showed that alcohol-soluble extractives content showed a significantly positive correlation with the total polysaccharide content（P<0.05）.Total ash content was significantly positively asso?
ciated with total triterpenoid content（P<0.05）.Total flavonoid content was significantly positively correlated with total polyphenol content（P<0. 01）.Cluster analysis and principal component analysis indicated that the FY group and FM group of W.hoelen can not be clearly distinguished，suggesting no significant difference in sclerotium quality between the two groups.【Conclusion】Cultivating W.hoelen on BX-infected wood resulted in high scrotia yield and biological efficiency，with the sclerotial quality meeting the standards of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The approach enables the safe and high-value utilization of BX-infected wood. |
| Key words: Wolfiporia hoelen Bursaphelenchus xylophilus BX-infected Pinus massoniana wood biologi‑cal efficiency sclerotial quality evaluation |
