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| 武夷山国家公园垂直植被带谱变化及对气候因子的响应 |
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贾晶晶1, 刘艳清1, 徐丹丹1,2, 郑士超3, 朱建琴3, 赵春江4,5
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1.南京林业大学 生态与环境学院，江苏 南京 210037;2.福建武夷山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站，福建 武夷山 354300;3.武夷山国家公园福建科研监测中心，福建 武夷山 354300;4.北京市农林科学院 信息技术研究中心，北京 100097;5.国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心，北京 100097
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| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】分析武夷山垂直植被带谱上不同植被类型生长的年际变化规律及其对气候因子的响应机制 和时滞效应，为揭示亚热带山地植被对气候变化的响应提供科学依据。【 方法】以武夷山国家公园为研究对象，基于2001-2024年中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）MOD13Q1产品的归一化植被指数（normalized difference vegetation in-dex，NDVI）数据 ，采用卡尔曼滤波算法重构缺失数据 ，通过决定系数（R2）和均方根误差（root mean square error，RMSE）验证重构精度；运用STL（seasonal and trend decomposition using loess）时间序列分解方法提取去季节性NDVI数据集；结合同期降水、气温数据，系统分析武夷山垂直带谱上5种典型植被类型（常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林、针叶林、 矮林、草甸）生长的年际变化趋势及其对气候因子的响应机制和滞后时间。【 结果】基于卡尔曼滤波重构的缺失和异 常NDVI数据的精度均较高（R2>0.90）。常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林均呈现三阶段变化模式，分别于2017和2019年由增长转为下降；针叶林在2011年后进入持续下降；矮林于2019年由增转降；草甸则在2010年由降转升，增长最为显著。5种植被类型的生长状况均与年均温存在显著正相关关系（P≤0.05），而与降水无显著相关性，温度是影响武夷 山垂直带谱植被生长的主要气候因子。生长季节内，不同植被类型NDVI对气候因子的滞后响应呈分异特征，常绿阔 叶林对温度滞后1个月，针阔混交林和针叶林对温度滞后2个月，矮林和草甸对温度即时响应但对降水滞后3个月。 【结论】年均温度是驱动武夷山垂直带谱植被生长年际变化的主导气候因子，降水主要通过时滞效应间接影响植被生 长，不同植被类型对气候因子的响应存在显著时空异质性。 |
| 关键词: 山地植被 垂直植被带谱 气候因子 归一化植被指数 时间序列分析 卡尔曼滤波 武夷山国家公园 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 09. 004 |
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| 基金项目:福建省林业科技项目（2024FKJ13）；国家自然科学基金项目（41901361）；自然资源部地理国情监测重点实验室项目（2023NGCM04） |
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| Variations of the vertical vegetation zonation and its response to climate factors in Wuyishan National Park |
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JIA Jingjing1, LIU Yanqing1, XU Dandan1,2, ZHENG Shichao3, ZHU Jianqin3, ZHAO Chunjiang4,5
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1.College of Ecology and Environment，Nanjing Forestry University，Nanjing，Jiangsu 210037，China;2.National Observation and Research Station of Fujian Wuyishan Forest Ecosystem，Wuyishan，Fujian 354300，China;3.Wuyishan National Park Fujian Research and Monitoring Center，Wuyishan，Fujian 354300，China;4.Information Technology Research Center，Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences，Beijing 100097，China;5.National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture，Beijing 100097，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】This research aims to analyze the interannual variation of different vegetation types along the vertical zonation of Wuyi Mountain and their response mechanisms and time-lag effects to climate factors，to provide scientific basis for understanding how subtropical montane vegetation responds to climate change.【Method】The normalized difference vegetation index（NDVI） data derived from MODIS MOD13Q1 from 2001 to 2024 was collected. The missing data was reconstructed by using a Kalman filter，and the reconstruction accuracy was assessed by using R2 and root mean square error（RMSE）.Seasonal and trend decomposition using loess（STL） was then applied to obtain deseasonalized NDVI series. Combined with concurrent temperature and precipitation data，interannual growth trends of five representative vegetation types（evergreen broad-leaved forest，coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest，coniferous forest，dwarf forest，and meadow） and their response and time-lag to climate factors were assessed.【Result】The data reconstruction using the Kalman filter achieved high accuracy（R2>0.90）.Evergreen broad-leaved forest and mixed forest showed three-phase change，shifting from an increasing to a decreasing trend in 2017 and 2019. Coniferous forest showed a persistent decline after 2011. Shift from an increasing to a decreasing trend was observed in dwarf forest in 2019，while shift from a decreasing to an increasing trend was observed in meadow in 2010，which exhibited the most pronounced increase. The growth conditions of all the vegetation types were significantly and positively correlated with annual mean temperature（P≤0.05），whereas no significant correlation with precipitation was detected. Temperature，therefore，emerged as the dominant climatic factor. During the growing season，time-lag effects varied among vegetation types：evergreen broad-leaved forest responded to temperature change with a 1-month lag，mixed forest and coniferous forest with a 2-month lag，whereas dwarf forest and meadow responded with no time lag to temperature but responded with a 3-month lag to precipitation.【Conclusion】Annual mean temperature is the primary climatic factor driving interannual vegetation dynamics along the vertical zonation of Wuyi Mountain，while precipitation affects vegetation mainly through time-lag effect.Vegetation types exhibit significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity in their responses to climatic factors. |
| Key words: montane vegetation vertical vegetation zonation climate factors NDVI time series analysis Kalman filter Wuyishan National Park |
