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| 基于多频探地雷达瞬时振幅的树木根系定位及影响因素研究 |
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樊国秋1,2,3,4, 李颖航5, 郑一力1,2,3,4, 韩巧玲1,2,3,4, 赵燕东1,2,3,4, 梁浩1,2,3,4
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1.北京林业大学 工学院，北京 100083;2.林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室，北京 100083;3.林业装备与自动化国家林业局重点实验室，北京 100083;4.北京林业大学 智慧林业研究中心，北京，100083;5.陕西省牛背梁国家级自然保护区，陕西 西安 710100
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| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】针对探地雷达（ground penetrating radar，GPR）在树木根系检测中多因素耦合作用机制不明 确、定位精度受限等问题，提出一种基于多频GPR瞬时振幅的根系识别与定位方法，为实现复杂环境下树木根系的精 准无损检测提供支持。【 方法】以中国北方典型树种三倍体毛白杨为研究对象，设计了多频天线（400，900，1 600 MHz）网格化扫描方案，以获取 9 年生毛白杨根系的三维数据；将希尔伯特变换获取的高瞬时振幅与图像形态学运算 相结合，通过高瞬时振幅连通区域加权质心精确定位根系；最后基于整根挖掘评估验证GPR识别定位根系的准确性， 并在多频天线下统计分析根系直径、深度以及扫描角度 3 种影响因素对根系识别与定位的作用机制，揭示根系特征与 检测效果的量化关系。【 结果】①通过希尔伯特变换和图像分割识别地下根系是有效的，400，900，1 600 MHz 天线频 率时的根系识别准确率分别为53.2%，64.0%，72.7%；②通过高瞬时振幅连通区域加权质心定位根系是准确可行的，400，900，1 600 MHz天线在剖面长度方向上定位根系的均方根误差（RMSE）均小于0.12 m，在剖面深度方向上定位根系的RMSE均小于0.04 m；③当根系直径小于3 cm或扫描角度小于 60°时，GPR识别准确率随根系参数的增大而显著提升，超过该值后检测效果趋于稳定。【 结论】基于多频GPR瞬时振幅与形态学结合的根系识别定位方法，为浅层 根系的无损探测与周期性监测提供了一种可行的技术途径。 |
| 关键词: 树木根系检测 探地雷达 根系定位 瞬时振幅 多频天线 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 09. 001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42001298）；国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFC3006804） |
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| Tree root localization and influencing factors based on multi⁃frequency GPR instantaneous amplitude |
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FAN Guoqiu1,2,3,4, LI Yinghang5, ZHENG Yili1,2,3,4, HAN Qiaoling1,2,3,4, ZHAO Yandong1,2,3,4, LIANG Hao1,2,3,4
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1.School of Technology，Beijing Forestry University，Beijing 100083，China;2.State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources，Beijing 100083，China;3.Key Lab of State Forestry Administration for Forestry Equipment and Automation， Beijing 100083，China;4.Research Center for Intelligent Forestry，Beijing Forestry University，Beijing 100083，China;5.Shaanxi Niubeiliang National Nature Reserve，Xi’an，Shaanxi 710100，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】To address the challenges in tree root detection using ground penetrating radar （GPR），such as the unclear mechanisms of multiple-factor coupling and limited localization accuracy，this study proposed a root identification and localization method based on multiple-frequency GPR instantaneous amplitude，enabling accurate and non-destructive detection of tree roots in complex environments.【Method】Taking triploid Populus tomentosa，a typical tree species in northern China，as the research subject，a grid scanning scheme employing multi-frequency antennas（400，900，and 1 600 MHz） was designed to acquire three-dimen?sional（3D） data of the root systems of nine-year-old trees. The high instantaneous amplitude derived from the Hilbert transform was combined with image morphological operations to precisely locate roots by calculating the weighted centroid of connected high amplitude regions. The accuracy of GPR-based root identification and loca-lization was then evaluated and validated through complete root excavation. Furthermore，under multi-frequency antenna configurations，the influencing mechanisms of root diameter，depth，and scanning angle on root identifica?tion and localization were statistically analyzed，and the quantitative relationships between root characteristics and detection performance were revealed.【Result】①Root identification using Hilbert transform and image seg?mentation was effective，with accuracy rates of 53.2%，64.0%，and 72.7% for the 400，900，and 1 600 MHz an?tennas，respectively. ② Root localization using the weighted centroid of connected high instantaneous amplitude regions was accurate and feasible，with root mean square error（RMSE） in the profile length direction less than 0. 12 m and in the profile depth direction less than 0. 04 m for all three antenna frequencies. ③ When the root dia-meter was less than 3 cm or the scanning angle was below 60°，the GPR identification accuracy improved signifi?cantly with increasing root parameters；beyond these thresholds，the detection performance stabilized.【Conclusion】The root identification and localization method integrating instantaneous amplitude and morphological analysis provides a feasible technical pathway for the non-destructive detection and periodic monitoring of shal?low root systems. |
| Key words: tree root detection ground penetrating radar root localization instantaneous amplitude multifrequency antenna |
